Medical University-Pleven Biology Admission Examination Syllabus

Vocabulary flashcards covering fundamental topics and terminology from the Medical University-Pleven biology admission examination syllabus.

Cell

The basic structural and functional unit of an organism.

Inorganic substances of the cell

Water and minerals that make up part of the chemical composition of the cell.

Carbohydrates

Organic compounds in the cell comprising monosaccharides and polysaccharides.

Lipids

A major group of organic molecules forming part of the chemical composition of the cell.

Proteins

Biological macromolecules composed of polypeptide chains with specific structures and properties.

Enzymes

Biological catalysts that accelerate chemical reactions within the cell.

Nucleic acids

Molecules including DNA and RNA that carry and transmit genetic information.

Viruses

Entities on the boundary between living and non-living matter that act as agents of diseases.

Prokaryotic cells

Cells with specific structural and functional organization lacking a membrane-bound nucleus.

Eukaryotic cytoplasmic organelles

Organized cellular structures within eukaryotic cells responsible for specific functions.

Chromosomes

Structures that serve as carriers of the cell program.

Biological oxidation

Cellular process involving the breakdown of nutrients within the cell to provide energy.

Oxidative phosphorylation

Process in cell energetics involving ATP synthesis during biological oxidation.

Replication

The cellular process corresponding to the biosynthesis of DNA.

Transcription

The cellular process corresponding to the biosynthesis of RNA.

Translation

The cellular process corresponding to the biosynthesis of proteins.

Mitosis

The process of cell division responsible for cellular reproduction and growth.

Meiosis

A specialized form of cell division essential for sexual reproduction.

Monohybrid and Dihybrid crosses

Genetic cross experiments used to demonstrate Mendel's laws of inheritance.

Sex-linked traits

Genetic traits controlled by genes carried on sex chromosomes.

Blood plasma

The liquid fluid component of blood with distinct physiological characteristics.

Autonomic nervous system

Division of the nervous system regulating involuntary internal physiological activities.

Thermoregulation

The body's process of maintaining temperature balance, involving the skin.