EB Chapter 4 Open Book + Smartwork Assignments

Territoriality is an important form of ________ for many animal species.

A) symbiotic behavior

B) interspecific competition

C) intraspecific competition

D)commensalism

E) resource partitioning

C) intraspecific competition

Most organisms' niches are controlled by

A) genetic trait for adaptive characteristics.

B) lessons learned from parents.

C)behavior learned from others in their social groups.

luck.

D)the predators and competitors they encounter.

A) genetic trait for adaptive characteristics.

Certain night-active moths and day-active birds are specialized nectar feeders. How do these species coexist if they are using the same resource for food?

A) Because they both use nectar, eventually one of the two species will need to move to a new area.

B) They do not compete for the nectar because they feed at different times of the day.

C) There is enough nectar to supply both the birds and the moths with their feeding needs.

D) Eventually the niche breadth will increase and there will be less competition.

E) None of the choices is correct.

B) They do not compete for the nectar because they feed at different times of the day.

Which of the following parts of the adaptive cycle model is the phase that most closely resembles primary succession?

A) conservation phase

B) release phase

C) reorganization phase

D) rapid growth phase

D) rapid growth phase

Normal gut flora, a part of your microbiome, is important for digestion and crowding out pathogens. The bacteria, in turn, get a habitat in which to live as well as access to nutrient molecules for their own metabolism. This is an example of what type of relationship?

A) mutualism

B) interspecific competition

C) commensalism

D) parasitism

E) predator-prey

A) mutualism

Which of these ecosystems is very productive; supports hundreds of species of invertebrates, mollusks, fish, and mammals; and is located along temperate and tropical coastlines?

Seagrass ecosystems

Mangrove ecosystems

Kelp forests

Seagrass ecosystems

The change in the inherited characteristics of biological populations over successive generations is called

_______________.

evolution

Replication through reproduction, traits variations, and selection are the phenomena that result in ______.

evolution.

Availability of water, space, and food are all examples of ______ factors that influence the fitness of individuals.

limiting

The environmental conditions in which an organism lives is its ______.

key habitat

Seagrass ecosystems ______.

contain many different species of plants and animals

are very productive

No two species can exist in the same habitat and fulfill the same role indefinitely; this is the principle of ______.

competitive exclusion

The idea that entire populations of species change over time to become better adapted to their environment is called ________________.

evolution (3)

The development of a new species is called _____________.

speciation

Choose the three phenomena that are the causes of evolution.

Tolerance

Variation in traits

Predation

Replication

Selection

Variation in traits

Replication

Selection

A species that evolves rapidly and in relative isolation from other species would be ______ to adapt to environmental change.

more likely

Where a species can live is dictated by ____________ factors such as the temperature and pH in the environment, competition with other species, and the presence of disease.

limiting

The study of different types of organisms and their relationships to one another is ______.

taxonomy

The physical location and environmental conditions under which a given organism lives is its key _____________.

habitat

Coevolution is the evolution of two ______.

or more species in response to each other

The idea that no two species can occupy the same ecological niche for long in a given ecosystem is summarized in the principle of ______________ exclusion.

competitive

When a harmless species gains protection against predators by resembling a poisonous or distasteful species, we describe this as ______ mimicry.

Batesian

When a population of a species becomes more adapted to its environment, developing specialized or distinctive traits, it eventually differentiates entirely from the original species, resulting in ______.

speciation

An example of an antagonistic relationship within a biological community is ______.

competition

Species cannot rapidly adapt to current environmental changes because ______.

species don't evolve in isolation

some species are very long-lived

the changes are overwhelming in number and intensity

A general term that describes an intimate shared living relationship between two or more species, without describing how each species is affected by the relationship, is ______.

symbiosis

The study of common evolutionary characteristics shared between organisms is a field of scientific study known as ______________.

taxonomy.

What type of species plays an important role in its community that is out of proportion with its biomass?

Keystone

The process over which predator and prey exhibit physical and behavioral changes in response to selection pressures from one another is _____________.

coevolution

Measuring the number of different species, ecological niches, or genetic variation present in a biological community is measuring its ______.

diversity

When species that are harmless resemble poisonous species we call it Batesian ____________.

mimicry

Complexity in an ecological community is the number of ______ at each trophic level and the total number of trophic levels.

species

Antagonistic relationships can result when organisms within a community _____________ for resources.

compete/competes

The rate of a community's biomass production, or its ______, is an indication of the rate of solar energy being converted to chemical energy.

primary productivity

When two or more species live intimately together with their fates linked, ____________ occurs.

symbiosis/mutualism

Once a biological community has reached a steady state through the process of ecological succession, it is considered a ______ community.

climax

A species that has a large impact in its ecosystem relative to its abundance is a(n) __________ species.

keystone.

Any force that disrupts the patterns of species diversity and abundance in an ecosystem is a(n) ___________.

disturbance

How do we distinguish abundance from diversity in a community? ______ takes into account the total number of organisms, whereas ______ is the relative number of different species.

Abundance; diversity

Which of the following describe CAS?

It stands for Conservation Application Services.

They describe the simplified response of systems to disturbance.

They are networks connected through feedback loops.

It stands for Complex Adaptive Systems.

They are networks connected through feedback loops.

It stands for Complex Adaptive Systems.

In ecological terms, community _______________ refers to the total number of trophic levels and the number of species in each.

complexity

The transition from the reef on the left to the reef on the right represents a ______.

regime shift

The measure of an ecosystem's rate of photosynthesis, converting solar energy into chemical energy, is its _____________ productivity.

primary.

A system that will maintain its fundamentals while undergoing and responding to disturbances is a(n) ____________ system.

resilient

The community that develops last in an ecological succession and tends to remain stable for a long period of time is the ____________ community.

climax

A temporary change in environmental conditions that results in changes in the distribution of species in an ecosystem is a(n) ______.

disturbance

CAS, or Complex ______________ Systems, describe the response of ecosystems to disturbances with connected feedback loops that are more complex than the primary and secondary succession models.

Adaptive

The movement from one ecologically stable state to another is a(n) _____________ shift.

regime

How does a resilient system respond to a disturbance?

Species diversity is preserved.

It maintains its overall identity.