Tissues and Integumentary Unit 2 Test Corrections #1

• Tissues are a group of cells that all share the same function.

• Tissues are made up of cells and tissues make up organs 

What is the definition of tissue?

The four tissue types are connective, epithelial, nervous and muscle

What are four primary tissue types?

The characteristics for epithelial tissue are:

• Avascular (no blood vessels) thus is thin 

• Characterized based on numbers of layers and shape of cells 

• Has one surface not in contact with other tissue types 

• Protects and specializes in diffusion

What are the characteristics for epithelial tissue?

The characteristics of each muscle type are: 

• Skeletal: striated and voluntary

• Smooth: nonstriated, voluntary, found in digestive tract and blood vessels

• Cardiac: striated, involuntary, found in the heart only

Describe the characteristics of each muscle type:

The characteristics for connective tissue are:

• Has living cells and extracellular matrix

What are the characteristics of connective tissue?

The chemical found in your hair, nails and skin is keratin

What is the waterproof chemical found in your hair, nails and skin?

The four membranes to remember are: 

Mucous, Serous, Cutaneous and Synovial 

What are the four membranes to remember?

The mucous membrane is:

• Moist

• Specializes in secretion and absorption

What are the characteristics for the mucous membrane?

The serous membrane:

• Lines internal organs 

• Serous fluid between each tissue layer 

What are the characteristics for the serous membrane?

The cutaneous membrane is a:

• Dry membrane 

• Provides protection 

What are the characteristics for the cutaneous membrane?

The synovial membrane is the:

• Only connective tissue membrane 

• Found in the joints 

What are the characteristics for the synovial membrane?

The sebaceous gland produces oil

What does the sebaceous gland produce?

The sweat gland produces sweat, releases water and cools the body

What does the sweat gland produce?

Melanoma is the most dangerous skin cancer

Which type of skin cancer is the most dangerous?

These three things give our skin color:

• Melanin (tan/black)

• Carotene (orange)

• Hemoglobin (pink/red)

What three things give our skin color?

First degree burn is:

• Redness of the skin

• Itching

• Pain

• Hot to touch (epidermis and top of dermis)

What are the characteristics for first degree?

Second degree burn is:

• Blisters

• Epidermis and dermis

What are the characteristics for second degree burn?

Third degree burn is:

• Charred skin (black or white)

• Down into the subcutaneous tissues

What are the characteristics for third degree burn?

Third degree is serious because it:

• Destroys entire skin layer

• Opens up to infections

• Severe water loss

• Replaced with scar tissue mostly

Why is third degree burn so serious? What problems arise as a result?

Each letter stands for:

A = Asymmetry

B = Border

C= Color

D=- Diameter

E = Evolving

What does each letter of ABCDE stand for in cancer detection?

REMEMBER: Metastasis is an action and malignant is a characteristic 

What do you need to remember about metastasis and malignant?

Some characteristics for cancer cells that make them different from normal cells is:

• Normal cells do a specific job, cancer cells lose that function

• Normal cells divide in an controlled manner, cancer cells divide uncontrollably

What are some characteristics for cancer cells that make them different from normal cells?

Mutations cause cells to lose control of the cell division process by:

• Cells have proteins (genes) that control the cell cycle and act like breaks and accelerator pedals 

• Accelerator pedal proteins stimulate cell division so when they are mutated to be on too much, you can get too much cell division 

Mutations cause cells to lose control of the cell division process by:

• p53 triggers apoptosis or programmed cell death if there is irreparable damage to the cell’s DNA

• If it isn’t functioning, then the cell will not trigger apoptosis and can begin accumulating damage, which can lead to mutations in cell cycle control proteins, inevitably causing uncontrolled cell growth 

Why is p53 important for normal cells? Why can it lead to cancer if it is mutated?

The difference is: 

• Benign - will not spread, encapsulated 

• Malignant - the characteristic of cancer that means it can spread to other tissues and organs 

Describe the difference between a benign and a malignant tumor:

Non-cancerous

What is benign?

Malignant is cancerous 

What is malignant?

Dyplasia is:

• Cells that don’t look how they do under the microscope

• The abnormal growth of cells within a tissue

What is dysplasia?

A carcinogen is any substance or activity that can cause cancer or increase the risk of developing cancer

What is a carcinogen?