Extra for animal test

Anorexia

not eating, cause liver failure in felines

Dehydration

causes lethargy and diarrhea

fat soluble vitamins

ADEK

Water soluble vitamins

BC

Cant Vomit

Hind gut, horses

fats and oils

form hormones

small intestine

digestion and absorption

Carbohydrates

glucose, starch, fiber, sugars

glucosamine

elder dogs arthritis supplement

Proteins for cats

Taurine

Unique to avian system

crop, proventriculus , gizzard, cloaca

fat and oil deficiancy

hair and skin problems

pulp cavity

veins and nerves, innermost part of the tooth

Dentin

In between pulp cavity and enamel

enamel

outermost layer of tooth

crown

above gum line

crop

fermentation sac

fermentation takes place

cecum and crop

dogs and cat vitamin

vitamin c

abomasum

true stomach of ruminant

horsed don’t have

gallbladder

small intestine secretes in hind gut

bile

pancrease

regulates glucose

time of puppy on puppy food

until maturity or 1 year

kittens and puppies are weaned until

6 weeks

weaned

puppy or kitten feed on mother

all digestive systems have

pancreas

cecum is unique to or large in

hindgut

essential nutrient

provided in the diet

non-essential nutrient

produced in the body

reticulum

honeycomb

rumen

first fermentation vact

proventriculus

true stomach of avian

deciduous teeth

fall out

permanent teeth

stay permanently

4 types of digestive systems

monogastric, rumen, hind gut, avian

species with monogastric system

pig, human, dog, cat, ape

parts of monogastric stomach

cardia, fundus, body(corpus) , pylorus

Monogastric: Function of mouth

food entry

Monogastric: Function of esophagus

transports food to pharynx

Monogastric: Function of stomach

temporary storage, chemical processor for ingested food

Monogastric: Function of liver

process nutrients, produce bile, filters blood

bile

breaks down fats

Monogastric: Function of large intestine

absorbs remaining water, elimination

large intestine

colon

Monogastric: Function of rectum

store feces, trigger elimination

Monogastric: Function of anus

opening to eliminate waste

Ruminant system: chambers of the stomach

rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum

Ruminant system: rumen function

large fermentation vact, breaks down fibrous plant material

Ruminant system: reticulum function

traps large particles for regurgitation and heavy foreign objects for storage

Ruminant system: omasum function

absorb water

Ruminant system: abomasum function

hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes break down proteins

Hindgut Fermenters main difference from others

significantly larger cecum

Avian: Function of gizzard

use grit to grind food

Avian: Function of crop

temporarily stores and softens food

Avian: Function of proventriculus

secretes hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes to begin the chemical breakdown of food before it reaches the gizzard

Avian: Function of cloaca

exit point

Avian: Function of ceca 2

ferment coarse, undigested food and reabsorb water

cats need more proteins or dogs

cats need more protein

deficiency in carbohydrates

lethargy, weakness, weight loss, and poor overall energy metabolism

excess carbohydrates

metabolic stress, fat storage, and digestive upset

fats and oils are essential for

providing concentrated energy, absorbing fat-soluble vitamins, and supplying essential fatty acids that the body cannot make on its own

fats and oils deficiency

poor growth, scaly skin conditions, and neurological issues

vitamins not essential for cats or dogs

vitamins c and k

importance of minerals

structural development, metabolic processes, and overall physiological health

Water is essential for

drives every major physiological process, making up 50% to 80% of their total body weight