Microbiology Chapter 13 (OpenStax)

Which of the following types of medical items require sterilization?

Needles

Which of the following is suitable for use on tissues for microbial control to prevent infection?

Antiseptic

Which biosafety level is appropriate for research with microbes or infectious agents that pose moderate risk to laboratory workers and the community, and are typically indigenous?

BSL-2

Which of the following describes a microbial control protocol that inhibits the growth of molds and yeast?

fungistatic

The decimal reduction time refers to the amount of time it takes to which of the following?

reduce microbial population by 90%

Which of the following methods brings about cell lysis due to cavitation induced by localized pressure changes?

Sonication

Which of the following terms is used to describe the time required to kill all of the microbes within a sample at a given temperature?

Thermal death time

Which of the following microbial control methods does not actually kill microbes or inhibit their growth but instead removes them physically from samples?

Filtration

Which of the following refers to a disinfecting chemical dissolved in alcohol?

Tincture

Which of the following peroxygens is widely used as a household disinfectant, is inexpensive, and breaks down into water and oxygen gas?

Hydrogen peroxide

Which of the following chemical food preservatives is used in the wind industry but may cause asthmatic reactions in some individuals?

Sulfites

Bleach is an example of which group of chemicals used for disinfection?

Halogens

Which chemical disinfectant works by methylating enzymes and nucleic acids and is known for being toxic and carcinogentic?

Formaldehyde

Which type of test is used to determine whether disinfectant solutions actively used in a clinical setting are being used correctly?

In-use test

The effectiveness of chemical disinfectants has historically been compared to which type pf the following?

Phenol

Which of the following refers to germicide that can kill vegetative cells and certain enveloped viruses but not endospores?

low-level germicide

T/F Sanitization leaves an object free of microbes.

False

Ionizing radiation can penetrate surfaces, but nonionizing radiation cannot.

True

Moist-heat sterilization protocols require the use of higher temperatures for longer periods of time than do dry-heat sterilization protocols do.

False

Soaps are classified as disinfectants.

False

Mercury-based compounds have fallen out of favor for use as preservatives and antiseptics.

True

A medical item that comes into contact with skin and does not penetrate sterile tissues or come into contact with mucous membranes is call a(n)_______________ item.

noncritical

The goal of ___________ _____________ protocols is to rid canned produce of Clostridium botulinum endospores.

commercial sterilization

In an autoclave, the application of pressure to _________ is increased to allow the steam to achieve temperatures above the boiling point of water.

Steam

Doorknobs and other surfaces in clinical setting are often coated with _______,___________,or __________ to prevent transmission of microbes.

copper, nickel, zinc

If a chemical disinfectant is more effective than phenol, then its phenol coefficient would be _________ than 1.0.

greater

If used for extended periods of time, ___________ germicides may lead to sterility.

high-level

In the disk-diffusion assay, a large zone of inhibition around a disk to which a chemical disinfectant has been applied indicates _____ of the test microbe to the chemical disinfectant.

susceptibility or sensitivity