Exam 1 - Pharmacology

0.0(0)
studied byStudied by 9 people
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/390

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

391 Terms

1
New cards

What is an OTC veterinary drug?

recognized among experts to be safe and effective for use and have been labeled with directions for the layman

2
New cards

What does "safe use" for veterinary OTC include?

safety to the animal

the person administering it

food products derived from the animals treated

the environment

3
New cards

What does effective lay use assume?

adequate diagnosis can be made

the drug can be properly administered

course of disease can be followed to determine lack of success or success

4
New cards

What are ethical products?

given a different name and packaged differently

can say "sold only through licensed veterinarians" but this is a marketing ploy and has no legal basis

5
New cards

What are grooming aids?

veterinary cosmetics not subject to FDA control unless therapeutic claim

6
New cards

What are nutraceuticals?

not classified as a drug

not regulated by the FDA

cannot make therapeutic claim

7
New cards

What are pesticides?

includes topical flea and tick products and other pesticides used on animate and inanimate objects

8
New cards

Topical pesticides are regulated under ?

environmental protection agency

9
New cards

Oral or paternal pesticides are regulated under the ?

FDA

10
New cards

What are veterinary biologics regulated by?

USDA

11
New cards

How do EPA products differ from FDA products?

EPA extra label use is prohibited

12
New cards

What is a legend drug?

prescription only (found on human approved prescription drugs)

13
New cards

What legend must prescription veterinary products bear?

"Caution: Federal law restricts this drug to use by or on the order of a licensed veterinarian"

14
New cards

A practitioner must be licensed by the state where ?

the drug is prescribed

15
New cards

What is required for a prescription to be given by a veterinarian?

agreement

examination

follow up

16
New cards

What are the types of drugs that require a prescription when used in veterinary patients?

all veterinary prescription products

all human prescription drugs used extra label in animals

veterinary OTCs when used extra label

all human OTC

all compounded products

17
New cards

Refills for a non-controlled prescription drug may be authorized by the veterinarian for a maximum of _________ from date on the original prescription.

1 year

18
New cards

What does prn mean?

refill as needed

19
New cards

What package must a prescription drug be given to the owner in?

a child-resistant, moisture and light resistant container

20
New cards

What is included on a prescription label?

prescriber information

ID of animal

date issued

name of drug, strength, quality

precise instructions of administration

precautionary statements

withdrawal information

lot # and expiration date

state requirements

21
New cards

What are the federal regulatory agencies for drug use in veterinary patients?

FDA

USDA

EPA

DEA

22
New cards

What are the state regulatory agencies for drug use in veterinary patients?

boards of veterinary medicine

boards of pharmacy

23
New cards

What does the FDA regulate?

food, drugs, and cosmetics

24
New cards

What does the USDA regulate?

veterinary biologics (vaccines)

25
New cards

What does the EPA regulate?

pesticides

26
New cards

What does the DEA regulate?

enforces controlled substances act of 1970 and subsequent amendments

27
New cards

What does the FTC regulate?

prevents unfair methods of competition and deceptive acts or practices

enforces price fixing

28
New cards

What does AMDUCA do?

legalizes extra-label drug use in animals under certain circumstances

29
New cards

What is a food producing animal?

animals that are intended to produce food for human consumption

30
New cards

What determines food animal vs non food animal status?

intended use rather than species

31
New cards

Must a veterinarian choose a veterinary-approved product over a human-approved product when prescribing for non-food animals?

no

32
New cards

When an OTC product is used extra-label in animals, it must be treated as a ______________ in accordance with the provisions of AMDUCA

prescription drug

33
New cards

What is the purpose of compounding?

meeting the individual patient needs that cannot be met through approved products in their commercially available form

34
New cards

All products compounded for use in veterinary patients require a ?

prescription

35
New cards

What is a compounded product?

based upon individual need

reformulated from either a commercial product or a from an API (active pharmaceutical ingredient)

36
New cards

What is not approved for compounded products?

resale

duplication of a commercially available product

a commercial product that must be reconstituted prior to use

37
New cards

Who can legally compound for veterinary patients?

Veterinarians and pharmacists

38
New cards

The CSA places controlled substances into a hierarchy of 5 schedules determined by:

potential for abuse

dependence-producing potential

39
New cards

What enforces the CSA?

DEA

40
New cards

What are schedule I drugs?

chemical substances that have a high potential for abuse and have no legitimate medical use in the US

41
New cards

What are schedule II drugs?

drugs that have a current accepted medical use in the US but have a high potential for abuse

42
New cards

What are examples of schedule I drugs?

heroin

LSD

marihuana

43
New cards

What are examples of schedule II drugs?

morphine

fentanyl

44
New cards

What are schedule III drugs?

drugs accepted in medical use in the US and have less potential for abuse than schedule I and II

45
New cards

What are examples of schedule III drugs?

codeine combinations

46
New cards

What are schedule IV drugs?

drugs with a lower potential for abuse than schedule III

47
New cards

What are examples of schedule IV drugs?

opioids

propofol

48
New cards

What are schedule V drugs?

drugs with the lowest potential for abuse

49
New cards

What are examples of schedule V drugs?

OTC codeine cough preparations

50
New cards

What form are schedule II drugs ordered with?

form DEA-222 preprinted with the registrants name and address

51
New cards

How are schedule III-V drugs aquired?

written purchase order, FAX, phone calls, or off the web

52
New cards

What are the rules for a DEA-222 form?

no liquid paper

no strikeouts

ink or typewriter

description must be exact

53
New cards

Prescriptions for CS must be issued by a qualified prescriber and for a ?

legitimate medical purpose

54
New cards

What schedule drugs cannot be refilled?

schedule II

55
New cards

What schedule drugs can be refilled a maximum of five times and are valid for 6 months?

schedule III and IV

56
New cards

What schedule drugs can be refilled as authorized by the practitioner and are valid for one year by federal law?

schedule V

57
New cards

What is the exception for schedule V drugs in mississippi?

the maximum refill is 5 times and it is valid for 6 months only

58
New cards

Separate records for Schedule ____ drugs must be kept.

II

59
New cards

Schedule III-V drugs records may be maintained together if ?

use of each individual drug can be identified

60
New cards

A vet that only _______________ CS is not required to keep records of the transactions

prescribes

61
New cards

A vet who _________________ CS is required to keep records of each transaction

dispenses

62
New cards

According to the DEA, records must be kept for ?

2 years

63
New cards

____________ statute of limitation on CSA.

5 year

64
New cards

___________ statute of limitation on IRS.

10 year

65
New cards

What must controlled substances be kept in?

a securely locked, substantially constructed cabinet or safe

66
New cards

What form must be filed if the veterinarian is involved in loss or theft?

DEA form-106

67
New cards

Veterinarians involved in any "significant" loss or theft of CS must notify in __________ the nearest DEA field office within _____________ of discovery

writing

one business day

68
New cards

What form is filed for disposal of controlled substances?

DEA form-41

69
New cards

Up to ___________ for a misdemeanor by a corporation or individual not resulting in death

$100,000

70
New cards

Up to _________________ for a misdemeanor by an individual resulting in death or for a felony

$250,000

71
New cards

Up to _______________ for a misdemeanor by a corporation or individual resulting in death or for a felony

$500,000

72
New cards

Up to _______ in prison for a misdemeanor

1 year

73
New cards

Up to ________ in prison for a felony

10 years

74
New cards

What is a separate and complementary health-care profession concerned with collection, preparation, standardization, and dispensing of drugs?

pharmacy

75
New cards

What is a science dealing with the properties of drugs and their effects on living systems?

pharmacology

76
New cards

What is a branch of pharmacology that deals directly with the effectiveness and safety of drugs in the clinical setting?

clinical pharmacology

77
New cards

What is a drug?

a substance that when taken into the body alters its physiology

a substance used in the treatment, diagnosis, prevention, or mitigation of disease

78
New cards

What is a dose?

the amount of drug given at one time

79
New cards

What is a dosage?

the amount of drug given (dose), the route of administration, the interval between doses, and the duration of therapy

80
New cards

What is potency?

relative measurement of biological activity

81
New cards

What is efficacy?

the ability of a drug to control or cure an illness

82
New cards

What is the loading dose?

larger than the maint. dose; it is used to increase drug concentrations to therapeutic levels in a short time period

83
New cards

What is the maintenance dose?

periodic, smaller drug doses to maintain therapeutic concentrations

84
New cards

What is the peak concentration?

highest drug concentration in a dosing interval

85
New cards

What is the trough concentration?

lowest drug concentration in a dosing interval

Always occurs immediately before the next dose

86
New cards

What is the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)?

lowest concentration that produces the desired effect

87
New cards

Concentrations below the MIC are considered ?

subtherapeutic

88
New cards

What is the dosing interval?

The frequency of intermittent drug administration

89
New cards

What is LD50?

lethal dose in 50% of animals (toxicity study)

90
New cards

What is ED50?

dose that was effective in 50% of animals (efficacy study)

91
New cards

What is the maximum nontoxic dose (MNTC)?

largest dose (concentration) that does not cause toxicity

92
New cards

What is the therapeutic index?

measure of the relative desirability of a drug for attaining a particular medical end versus its risk of toxicity

93
New cards

What is the therapeutic range?

the drug concentrations associated with efficacy and not toxicity

94
New cards

The low end of the therapeutic range is ?

MEC

95
New cards

The high end of the therapeutic range is ?

MNTC

96
New cards

What is the chemical name?

describes the chemical composition of a drug; little practical use in the clinical setting

97
New cards

What is the nonproprietary name?

a more concise name given to the drug (generic name)

98
New cards

What is the proprietary name?

unique name that the manufacturer gives to its specific brand of a drug (trade name)

99
New cards

What name is always capitalized?

proprietary name

100
New cards

What is a Type A adverse reaction?

an adverse event that can be anticipated based on the known mechanism of the drug. Usually dose-dependent