Histology Lab

Histology

The microscopic study of animal cells and tissues

Tissue

a collection of cells that have similar structures and functions

Organ

a collection of different tissues working together for a specific function

Epithelial tissue

covers both internal and external body structures. Sometimes has a role in absorbing/secreting substances

Connective tissue

Tissues that specialize in binding and support, protection, internal transport, storage and insulation

Muscle tissue

contraction for the purposes of movement

Nervous tissue

communication

Apical surface

the outer, exposed surface of organ/tissue

Basal Surface

opposite to apical, attaches to basement membrane

Basement Membrane

simple epithelium

single layer of cells on the basement membrane

Squamous

stratified epithelium

multiple layers of cells on the basement membrane

Cuboidal

Columnar

Simple cuboidal epithelium

specialized for secretion and absorption

Intestinal lining

structured to maximize surface area for nutrient absorption

Intestinal villi

finger-like projections of epithelial tissue into the intestinal lumen

Microvilli

microscopic membrane protrusions from individual epithelial cells

Extracellular matrix

a network of proteins and minerals that may be liquid, semi-solid, or solid

Loose connective tissue

thin mesh scaffolding that binds tissues together

Dense connective tissue

dense collagen fiber matrix with high tensile strength (resistance to stretching)

Ligaments

connect bone to bone

Tendons

connect muscle to bone

Cartilage

Bone

Blood

Adipose (fat)

Cartilage tissue

provide flexible support in places like the nose and ears

Chondrocytes

cells that make up the cartilage tissue

Lacunae

spaces within the extracellular matrix where chondrocytes reside

Cartilage matrix

contains chondroitin sulfate, a protein-carbohydrate complex that gives the cartilage a jelly-like consistency (3)

Bone Matrix

contains calcium, magnesium, and phosphate to make it solid

Osteocytes

bone cells

Lacunae

spaces in the matrix where osteocytes reside

Haversian canals

tubes in the matrix for nerves and blood vessels to run through

Lamellae

layers of matrix arranged in concentric circles

Canaliculi

thin channels in the matrix connecting the lacunae and Haversian canals

Osteon

a unit of bone; consists of one Haversian canal and its associated lamellae

Blood plasma

a fluid matrix (around cells)

Erythrocytes

red blood cells that contain hemoglobin and carry O2

Leukocytes

white blood cells that are involved in immunity

Platelets

cellular fragments involved in clotting

Adipocytes

Skeletal mucle

a striated muscle; is responsible for the voluntary movement of the skeleton. During development, its cells fuse into large muscle fibers that contain multiple nuclei.

Smooth muscle

not striated and is responsible for involuntary movement of internal organs

Cardiac muscle

responsible for the contraction of the heart; it is a striated and involuntary muscle. Branched cells with a single nucleus; numerous connections between cells

Striations

the visible perpendicular stripes from the sarcomeres

Intestinal epithelium

A

Smooth muscles

B

Intercalated discs

connections between two cardiac muscle cells to allow for rapid communication between cells

Neurons

send and receive electrochemical signals

Cell body

contains the nucleus

Axon

a long projection that sends signals

Dendrites

several branched extension that receive signals

Glial cells

provide structural and nutritional support to neurons

Neural processes

axons and dendrites together

Organs

collections of different tissues that work as a functional unit

Skin Epidermis

stratified squamous epithelium; Keratinized outer layer

Dermis

hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, nerves, and blood cells

Hypodermis

adipose tissue

hair follicle

sebaceous gland

swear gland

frog skin epidermis

green

frog poison gland

yellow

frog chromatophores

3

frog mucus gland