Chapter 6 - Foundations of Business Intelligence_ Databases and Information Management

Analytic Platform

A system optimized for analyzing large datasets to support decision-making.

Attribute

A characteristic or property of an entity in a database (e.g., name, age).

Big Data

Extremely large datasets that require advanced tools for storage, processing, and analysis.

Bit

The smallest unit of data in computing, representing 0 or 1.

Blockchain

A decentralized, tamper-proof digital ledger used for secure transactions.

Byte

A unit of data consisting of 8 bits, typically representing a character.

Data Cleansing

The process of detecting and correcting errors in datasets.

Data Definition

The process of specifying the structure and format of data in a database.

Data Dictionary

A repository that defines and describes data elements in a database.

Data Governance

Policies and practices for managing data integrity, security, and compliance.

Data Inconsistency

A situation where the same data appears differently across systems.

Data Lake

A storage system that holds raw, unstructured, and structured data for analysis.

Data Manipulation Language (DML)

Commands used to insert, update, delete, and retrieve data in a database.

Data Mart

A subset of a data warehouse focused on a specific business area.

Data Mining

The process of discovering patterns and insights from large datasets.

Data Quality Audit

An assessment of data accuracy, consistency, and completeness.

Data Redundancy

The unnecessary duplication of data across multiple locations.

Data Warehouse

A centralized repository that stores and integrates structured data for analysis.

Database

An organized collection of data that can be accessed and managed efficiently.

Database Management System (DBMS)

Software for creating, managing, and interacting with databases.

Database Server

A dedicated server that hosts and processes database queries.

Distributed Database

A database spread across multiple locations or systems.

Entity

An object in a database that stores information (e.g., a customer, product).

Entity-Relationship Diagram (ERD)

A visual representation of relationships between entities in a database.

Field

A single piece of data in a record (e.g., 'First Name' in a table).

File

A collection of records stored together.

Foreign Key

A field in a table that links to a primary key in another table to maintain relationships.

Hadoop

An open source framework for parallel processing across inexpensive computers.

In-Memory Computing

Storing data in RAM instead of disk storage for faster processing.

Information Policy

An important resource for an organization to create, illustrating rules on how data is organized and who has access to what data.

Key Field

A field used to uniquely identify a record in a database.

Nonrelational Database Management Systems

Databases that store data in formats other than tables (e.g., NoSQL databases).

Normalization

The process of organizing database tables to reduce redundancy and improve efficiency.

Online Analytical Processing (OLAP)

A technology for fast, multidimensional analysis of data.

Primary Key

A unique identifier for a record in a table.

Program-Data Dependence

A situation where program logic and data storage are tightly linked, making changes difficult.

Query

A request to retrieve or manipulate data from a database.

Record

A row in a database table containing related data fields.

Referential Integrity

A rule ensuring relationships between tables remain consistent.

Relational DBMS (RDBMS)

A database system that organizes data into tables with relationships (e.g., MySQL, Oracle).

Sentiment Analysis

The use of AI to analyze text and determine emotional tone.

Structured Query Language (SQL)

A standard language for managing and querying relational databases.

Text Mining

Analyzing large text datasets to find patterns and insights.

Tuple

A row in a relational database table.

Web Mining

The process of extracting useful insights from web data.