Path - chapter 2, Exam 1: acid/base imbalance

Normal ph range

7.35-7.45

Increase in H+

acid

Decrease in H+

alkalosis

Buffers

React immediately

Respiratory

Responds in minutes

Renal

Responds in hours

high respiratory rate

Blow off more CO2, more basic

Low respiratory rate

Blows of less CO2, more acidic

CO2 value

35-45

HCO3 bicarbonate) value

22-26

Respiratory acidosis

low pH, high CO2

Respiratory acidosis causes

hypoventilation: (not breathing in much oxygen, getting rid of a lot of C02)

Respiratory alkalosis

High ph, low CO2

Respiratory alkalosis causes

hyperventilation: (breathing in a lot of oxygen, not getting rid of much CO2)

Metabolic acidosis

low pH, low HCO3

Metabolic acidosis causes

, renal failure

Metabolic alkalosis

high pH, high HCO3

Metabolic alkalosis causes

vommiting

Low =

Acidosis

High =

Alkalosis

Metabolic =

Bicarbonate

Respiratory =

CO2

A patient presents with tachycardia and fast breathing what type of acid base balance could be occurring?

Respiratory alkalosis

A patient presents with shortness or bread and confusion what kind of acid base imbalance could this be

Respiratory acidosis

A patient tests with low bicarbonate ions which type of acid base imbalance could occur

Metabolic acidosis

A patient tests with high bicarbonate ions which type of acid base imbalance could occur

Metabolic alkalosis

Which happens from high CO2 retention

Respiratory acidosis

How do kidneys compensate for metabolic acidosis

Retaining more bicarbonate ions

How does renal system control acid base imbalance

Reabsorb or excrete bicarbonate