Types of Skull and Spine Fractures and Conditions

Linear fx of skull

Jagged, Irregular Lucent lines

Depressed fx of skull

Ping Pong fx - indentation

Basal skull fx

temporal bone (petrous)

Osteoblastic (skull)

looks brighter on xray

Multiple Myeloma skull

Bone marrow cancer

Cholesteatoma skull

benign tumor of middle ear- causes loss

Otosclerosis skull

hereditary ossification of auditory ossicles- hearing loss

Flail chest fx

multiple fx on ribs next to other ribs

Sternum fx

from blunt force trauma

pectus excavatum

concave congenital chest

pectus carinatum

pigeon chest- congenital

Osteomyelitis of ribs

erosion of bony margins

compression fx of spine are caused by what?

From trauma or osteoporosis

chance fx spine are caused by what?

caused from hyperflexion

HNP

Herniated nucleus pulposus of Lumbar disk- trauma, most frequent is L4-l5

Lordosis

happens in pregnancy, rickets, obesity

scoliosis

lateral curvature of the spine

dextroscoliosis

right lateral curvature of the spine

levoscoliosis

left lateral curvature of the spine

spina bifida happens at this level most commonly

most common at L5

spondylolithesis

forward movement of a vertebral body over another, common cause osteoarthritis, common at L5-S1, also L4-L5

Spondylololysis

broken neck of scottie dog, pars interarticularis

ankylosing spondylitis

inflammation of spinal joints, affects 20-40 yr olds

clay shoveler's fx

caused from hyperflexion - avulsion fx, C6-T1, use lateral projection

Unilateral subluxation

disruption of Z-pops due to slippage - will show Bowtie's sign

Hangman's fx

Pedicle fx of C2, hyperextension odontoid might press on brain stem

Jefferson fx

comminuted fx (2 or more fx) of posterior arch of C1

kyphosis

hunched over, compression, postmenopausal

Ondontoid fx

dens fx

Scheuerman's disease

mixture of kyphosis and scoliosis

spondylitis

inflammation of joints of spine

spondylosis

neck stiffness

tear drop burst fx

causes quadriplegia

transitional vertebrae

where a vertebra looks more like a different type of vertebra