Inside the Cell Chapter 4

These flashcards cover key concepts related to cell structure, types of cells, the functions of organelles, and cellular processes.

What are the two main types of microscopes mentioned in the notes?

Light microscope and electron microscope.

What is the structure of the plasma membrane?

a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins.

What do channel proteins do?

form tunnels for specific molecules to pass through the membrane.

What type of genetic material do prokaryotic cells lack?

lack a membrane-bounded nucleus.

What is the function of ribosomes in the cell?

carry out protein synthesis.

What is the main purpose of the endomembrane system?

compartmentalizes the cell and restricts certain reactions to specific regions.

What is the role of mitochondria in the cell?

breaks down carbohydrates to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

What is a key feature of chloroplasts?

use solar energy to synthesize carbohydrates through photosynthesis.

What is the cytoskeleton?

is a network of interconnected protein filaments and tubules that maintain cell shape.

What is the difference between cilia and flagella?

____ are shorter and more numerous than flagella.

What do tight junctions do?

form impermeable barriers between adjacent plasma membranes.

What is the extracellular matrix (ECM)?

is a meshwork of fibrous proteins and polysaccharides found outside animal cells.

What is the structure and function of the nucleolus?

is a region within the nucleus where ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is made.

What are the two main functions of vacuoles in cells?

rid a cell of excess water and are involved in storage.