Impacts of Global Governence - Afghanistan

What is the population of Afghanistan

41.45 million

What countries does Afghanistan border

Pakistan, Iran, Uzekistan, tajikistan and turkmenistan

What percentage of the population lives off less than $2 per day

65%

Before 2001, what percentage of the country was under the control of the Taliban?

90%

What year did USA and NATO intervention end

2014

What document did trump sign re military presence in afghanistan

To leave all presence in the area by April 2020

What did the Biden administration do in 2021

Deploy extra troops to rescue US military personel and Afghans

What is their GDP per capita

$2000

Where does Afghanistan rank in HDi

168th out of 189

What are the average years of schooling

3.8

Where does afghanistan rank in terms of gender inequality

153rd out of 189

As of 2022, what was imposed regarding girls education?

No girl over 12 is allowed to go to school

As of august 2024, what has been put in place against women?

They are not allwoed to sing or read allowed in the home - deemed as ‘instruments of vice’ and so must not be heard

What must women wear in afghanistan

They must completely veil their bodies including their faces

As of november 2022, what was put inplace against women

THey are banned from public parks and gyms

What percentage of women have recieved education

12%

What percentage of women experience gender based violence

87%

What is EVAW and what did it to

In 2017, EVAW (Elimination of violence against women) law was incorporated. This strengthened the definition of rape, but as sexual violence crimes are barely reported this had no effect

How many IDP are these

1.7 million

What are the human rights violations occuring for detained children

Almost half of detained children report being tortured

What was criminalised in 2017

Sexual assault against boys - shows that many young boys are assaulted and it was seen as normal

How many war related civilian deaths were there in 9 months of 2017

2,640

How many civilian deaths were there in 2018

10,000

What was the reason for the increase in deaths

some were Election related crimes - blocking people from voting & bombing polling stationns

Example of torture (human rights breach)

Kandahar police tortured 91% of detainees (E.g pumping their stomachs with water and crushing mens testicles with clamps)

How has the right to healthcare been breached

Attacks on hospitals from people infiltrating by being dressed as police/nurses

Examples of hospital attacks

ISKP attack on March 8th 2017 - killed 30 and wounded more.

Attack in may 2020 on Kabul maternity ward - killing 2 babies and 12 mothers/nurses.

What is NATO

North Atlantic Treaty Organisation - founded in 1949 by USA Canada and western european countries

What did NATO do in afghanistan from 2003 to 2014

Led the ISAF (international security assistance force) to strengthen afghan security forces and reduce the risk of terrorist attacks

How many troops have been deployed in Afghanistan

130,000 troops from 50 different nations

In what year did NATO/ISAF forces withdraw

December 2014 - leaving the country in the hands of the Afghan forces

What did NATO launch in January 2015

RSM (resolute support mission) to train, advise and assist Afghan forces & give logistical help. This assistance was entirely logistical - they did NOT help fight the taliban.

What have the taliban said about ceasing attacks

They will not cease attacks on Afghanistan until all foreign troops have been withdrawn from the country.

What is UNAMA

UN assistance mission in afghanistan, set up by the security council in 2002

What is UNAMA’s mission

‘to help achieve long term peace and development in Afghanistan’ - as requested by the Afghan government

What has UNAMA doene

Working together with NGO’s and the government promoting respect for human rights laws. They also attempted to improve womens rights by giving them more seats in parliment (this act was reversed, and overall didnt work)

What percent of suicides in Afghanistan were committed by women

80%

What do UN habitat do

Co-ordinate the government & specifically local councils (using funding from the Japanese) to improve neighbourhoods in provincial capitals (Jalalabad and Kabul)

What is a CDC

Community development council - locally elected and submit plans that meet the needs of the area

How many households does each CDC serve

200 to 250 households

How do CDC’s promote gender equality

They help women to get engaged in projects and provide employment opportunities as well as fixing infrastructure - HOWEVER not all CDC’s are mixed gender

What is the main issue with UN habitat

The scheme only works in urban areas (25% of the population) so don’t actively help the very deprived rural areas

What have the Afghan done in terms of global governence (finances)

Joined the ECO (economic cooperation organisation). Group founded by Turkey Iran Pakistan working on sustainable development and economic growth

What have the Afghan done in terms of global governence (political)

Passed laws to ensure independant elections & unbiased voting/safe voting. Worked with UNAMA to impliment this. This did NOT work - 400 civilian voters were killers as well as bombings at polling stations

What else have the government done (negative)

Removed the quota for female parliment members - causing mass gender problems in society

What percent of women are married before 18

46%

what was EVAW (2009)

Elimination of violence against women. While the bill was passed in parliment, it was never implimented

What is the ICRC

The red cross - an NGO helping with aid

What have the ICRC done in afghanistan

Donated 150 sets of materials for treating war wounds to hospitals in 2017

Delivered food and other essentials to 1000 displaced families

What were the negatives of the iCRC

it was a small scale operation - so limited benifits. Not all areas can recieve aid due to mountanous terrain; NGO’s can’t reach taliban controlled zones. Healthcare assistance evidently isnt working as Polio remains an endemic

What is Afghan Aid

A british NGO working in geographically inhospitable reigons to co-ordinate donor funding. They use money from the UN and support from the government.

What types of projects have Afghan aid implimented

Aid training and EU funding has allowed them to introduce better agricultural practises and secured safer water supplies

What has Afghan aid built

1,300km of roads in 3 years - connecting villages to shops and medical facilities

What have Afghan aid done socially

They have run 580 literacy training courses for women & emergency training for earthquales

What have AA done economically

Provided funding for 32,000 to start businesses

USAID promote program

Spent $280 million to promote womens rights - didnt make any lasting impacts.

How were USAID beneficial to healthcare

opening up hundreds of small scale medical facilities with trained midwives - 25-30 babies a month. These centres are also equipped with vaccines and medical supplies

What has happened to USAID due to president Trump

He dismantled the NGO - which was the biggest NGO worldwide and was estimated to have saved 91 million lives. This has increased MMR and IMR rates in Afghanistan