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Vocab Quiz #4 - December 2, 2024
Fluid intelligence (Gf)
our ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease with age, especially during late adulthood
Crystalized Intelligence (Gc)
our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age
Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) Theory
the theory that our intelligence is based on g as well as specific abilities, bridged by Gf and Gc
Savant Syndrome
a condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing
Grit
in psychology, passion and perseverance in the pursuit of long-term goals
Emotional Intelligence
the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions
Intelligence Test
a method for assessing an individual’s mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores
Achievement Test
a test designed to assess what a person has learned
Aptitude Test
a test designed to predict a person’s future performance; aptitude is the capacity to learn
Mental Age
a measure of intelligence test performance designed by Binet; the level of performance typically associated with children of a certain chronological age. thus, a child who does as well as an average 8-year-old is said to have a mental age of 8
Stanford-Binet
the widely-used American revision (by Terman at Stanford University) of Binet’s original intelligence test
Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
defined originally as the ratio of mental age (ma) to chronological age (ca) multiplied by 100 (thus, IQ = ma/ca x 100). on contemporary intelligence tests, the average performance for a given age is assigned a score of 100
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
the WAIS and its companion versions for children are the most widely used intelligence tests; they contain verbal and performance (nonverbal) subtests
Psychometrics
the scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits
Standardization
defining uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group
Normal Curve
a symmetrical, bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many types of data; most scores fall near the mean (about 68 percent fall within one standard deviation of it) and fewer and fewer scores lie near the extremes (also called a normal distribution)
Flynn Effect
the rise in intelligence test performance over time and across cultures
Reliability
the extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, on alternative forms of the test, or on retesting
Validity
the extent to which a test or experiment measures or predicts what it is supposed to
Content Validity
the extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest
Construct Validity
how much a test measures a concept or trait
Predictive Validity
the success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; it is assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior
Cohort
a group of people sharing a common characteristic, such as from a given time period
Growth Mindset
a focus on learning and growing rather than viewing abilities as fixed
Fixed Mindset
the view that intelligence, abilities, and talents are unchangeable, even with effort
Stereotype Threat
a self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype
Note 
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