Culture

Flashcards about Culture

__ is the language, beliefs, values, norms, behaviors, and even material objects that characterize a group and are passed from one generation to the next.

The language, beliefs, values, norms, behaviors, and even material objects that are passed from one generation to the next.

__ is the material objects that distinguish a group of people, such as their art, buildings, weapons, utensils, machines, hairstyles, clothing, and jewelry.

The material objects that distinguish a group of people, such as their art, buildings, weapons, utensils, machines, hairstyles, clothing, and jewelry.

__ is a group's ways of thinking (including its beliefs, values, and other assumptions about the world) and doing (its common patterns of behavior, including language and other forms of interaction).

A group's ways of thinking (including its beliefs, values, and other assumptions about the world) and doing (its common patterns of behavior, including language and other forms of interaction).

__ are recurring characteristics or events.

Recurring characteristics or events.

__ is the disorientation that people experience when they come in contact with a fundamentally different culture and can no longer depend on their taken-for-granted assumptions about life.

The disorientation that people experience when they come in contact with a fundamentally different culture and can no longer depend on their taken-for-granted assumptions about life.

__ is the use of one's own culture as a yardstick for judging the ways of other individuals or societies, generally leading to a negative evaluation of their values, norms, and behaviors.

The use of one's own culture as a yardstick for judging the ways of other individuals or societies, generally leading to a negative evaluation of their values, norms, and behaviors.

__ is not judging a culture but trying to understand it on its own terms.

Not judging a culture but trying to understand it on its own terms.

__ is another term for nonmaterial culture.

Another term for nonmaterial culture.

A __ is something to which people attach meanings and then use to communicate with others.

Something to which people attach meanings and then use to communicate with others.

__ refers to the ways in which people use their bodies to communicate with one another.

The ways in which people use their bodies to communicate with one another.

__ is a system of symbols that can be combined in an infinite number of ways and can represent not only objects but also abstract thought.

A system of symbols that can be combined in an infinite number of ways and can represent not only objects but also abstract thought.

The __ is Edward Sapir and Benjamin Whorf's hypothesis that language creates ways of thinking and perceiving.

Edward Sapir and Benjamin Whorf's hypothesis that language creates ways of thinking and perceiving.

__ are the standards by which people define what is desirable or undesirable, good or bad, beautiful or ugly.

The standards by which people define what is desirable or undesirable, good or bad, beautiful or ugly.

__ are expectations, or rules of behavior, that reflect and enforce behavior.

Expectations, or rules of behavior, that reflect and enforce behavior.

__ are either expressions of approval given to people for upholding norms or expressions of disapproval for violating them.

Either expressions of approval given to people for upholding norms or expressions of disapproval for violating them.

A __ is a reward or positive reaction for following norms, ranging from a smile to a material reward.

A reward or positive reaction for following norms, ranging from a smile to a material reward.

A __ is an expression of disapproval for breaking a norm, ranging from a mild, informal reaction such as a frown to a formal reaction such as a prison sentence or an execution.

An expression of disapproval for breaking a norm, ranging from a mild, informal reaction such as a frown to a formal reaction such as a prison sentence or an execution.

__ are norms that are not strictly enforced.

Norms that are not strictly enforced.

__ are norms that are strictly enforced because they are thought essential to core values or to the well-being of the group.

Norms that are strictly enforced because they are thought essential to core values or to the well-being of the group.

A __ is a norm so strong that it brings extreme sanctions and even revulsion if someone violates it.

A norm so strong that it brings extreme sanctions and even revulsion if someone violates it.

A __ includes the values and related behaviors of a group that distinguish its members from the larger culture; a world within a world.

The values and related behaviors of a group that distinguish its members from the larger culture; a world within a world.

A __ is a group whose values, beliefs, norms, and related behaviors place its members in opposition to the broader culture.

A group whose values, beliefs, norms, and related behaviors place its members in opposition to the broader culture.

A __ is a society made up of many different groups, with contrasting values and orientations to life.

A society made up of many different groups, with contrasting values and orientations to life.

__ are values that together form a larger whole.

Values that together form a larger whole.

__ are values that contradict one another; to follow the one means to come into conflict with the other.

Values that contradict one another; to follow the one means to come into conflict with the other.

__ are a people's ideal values and norms; the goals held out for them.

A people's ideal values and norms; the goals held out for them.

__ are the norms and values that people actually follow.

The norms and values that people actually follow.

A __ is a value, norm, or other cultural trait that is found in every group.

A value, norm, or other cultural trait that is found in every group.

__ is a framework of thought that views human behavior as the result of natural selection and considers biological factors to be the fundamental cause of human behavior.

A framework of thought that views human behavior as the result of natural selection and considers biological factors to be the fundamental cause of human behavior.

__ in its narrow sense, tools; its broader sense includes the skills or procedures necessary to make and use those tools.

In its narrow sense, tools; its broader sense includes the skills or procedures necessary to make and use those tools.

__ are the emerging technologies of an era that have a significant impact on social life.

The emerging technologies of an era that have a significant impact on social life.

__ is Ogburn's term for human behavior lagging behind technological innovations.

Ogburn's term for human behavior lagging behind technological innovations.

__ is the spread of cultural traits from one group to another; includes both material and nonmaterial cultural traits.

The spread of cultural traits from one group to another; includes both material and nonmaterial cultural traits.

__ is the process by which cultures become similar to one another; refers especially to the process by which Western culture is being exported and diffused into other nations.

The process by which cultures become similar to one another; refers especially to the process by which Western culture is being exported and diffused into other nations.