Structure of Water, Elements of Life, Macromolecules, and Nucleic Acids

Flashcards about water, elements of life, macromolecules, and nucleic acids.

What two elements compose water?

Oxygen and Hydrogen

Which element in water is more electronegative?

Oxygen

What type of bond is a weak interaction between the negative and positive regions of two separate molecules?

Hydrogen bond

What is formed between multiple water molecules where a negative end of a molecule is bound to the positive end of another?

Cohesion

What is formed between a water molecule and a different molecule?

Adhesion

What property of water refers to the increased hydrogen bonding forces between water molecules?

Surface Tension

What property of water is the ability to dissolve solvents that allows for easy access for the material in the water by cells?

Solvency

Which element builds all biological molecules?

Carbon

Which element builds proteins and nucleic acids?

Nitrogen

Which element builds lipids and nucleic acids?

Phosphorus

What are chemical subunits used to create polymers?

Monomers

What type of bonds are formed between monomers?

Covalent bonds

What process involves removing water molecules to form covalent bonds?

Dehydration Synthesis

What process adds water back to monomers?

Hydrolysis Reactions

What two terminus' do Amino Acids contain?

Amino (NH2) terminus and Carboxyl (COOH) terminus

What determines saturation in lipids?

The fatty acid bonds

What are the two distinct ends in nucleic acids?

3’ hydroxyl and 5’ phosphate

Which end can nucleotides only be added on to in nucleic acids?

3’ end

How many hydrogen bonds are between Adenine and Thymine base pairs?

2

How many hydrogen bonds are between Guanine and Cytosine base pairs?

3

Which terminus are amino acids added to in proteins?

Carboxyl terminus

What is the unfolded chain of amino acids held together by covalent bonds called?

Primary structure

What is the alpha helix or beta sheet folded amino acid chain called?

Secondary structure

What is the 3D shape of functional amino acids called?

Tertiary structure

What structure of proteins involves multiple tertiary structures working together?

Quaternary structure

What 5-carbon sugar does DNA contain?

Deoxyribose

What base does DNA contain?

Thymine

What 5-carbon sugar does RNA contain?

Ribose

What base does RNA contain?

Uracil