Unit 12: The law and crime

proof (n)

/pruːf/

Ví dụ: Do they have any proof that it was Hampson who stole the goods?

Nghĩa: chứng cứ, bằng chứng (suy luận hoặc kiểm chứng thực tế)

evidence (n)

/ˈev.ɪ.dəns/

Ví dụ: The police have found no evidence of a terrorist link with the murder.

Nghĩa: chứng cứ, bằng chứng (dùng trong ngữ cảnh pháp lí, hình sự ...)

rule (n)

/ruːl/

Ví dụ: Before you start your own business you should be familiar with all the local rules.

Nghĩa: quy tắc, luật lệ

law (n)

/lɔː/

Ví dụ: What does the law say about having alcohol in the blood while driving?

Nghĩa: luật, pháp luật

justice (n)

/ˈdʒʌstɪs/

Ví dụ: The final score doesn't do justice to our team's performance.

Nghĩa: công lý, sự công bằng

right (n)

/raɪt/

Ví dụ: everyone has a right to education

Nghĩa: quyền

vandal (n)

/ˈvændl/

Ví dụ: vandals smashed windows and overturned cars in the downtown shopping district.

Nghĩa: kẻ phá hoại tài sản người khác

hooligan (n)

/ˈhuːlɪɡən/

Ví dụ: although his parents think he is a good boy, darren is really a hooligan who loves to get in trouble at school

Nghĩa: du côn, côn đồ, những kẻ bạo lực, quá khích

suspect (v), (n)

/səˈspekt/

Ví dụ: no one knows who killed her, but the police suspect her husband

Nghĩa: nghi ngờ

kẻ bị tình nghi

arrest (v), (n)

/əˈrest/

Ví dụ: the police arrested her for drinking and driving

Nghĩa: bắt giữ, sự bắt giữ

charge (n)

/tʃɑːdʒ/

Ví dụ: she's been charged with murder

Nghĩa: sự buộc tội, lời buộc tội

judge (n)

/dʒʌdʒ/

Ví dụ: she's one of the strictest judges in the state

Nghĩa: thẩm phán, quan tòa, giám khảo

jury (n)

/ˈdʒʊəri/

Ví dụ: the jury failed to reach a verdict

Nghĩa: bồi thẩm đoàn

sentence (v)

/ˈsentəns/

Ví dụ: He was sentenced to a life imprisonment

Nghĩa: kết án, tuyên án

imprison (v)

/ɪmˈprɪzn/

Ví dụ: He was imprisoned in 1965 for attempted murder

Nghĩa: bỏ tù, cầm tù

accused (n)

/əˈkjuːzd/

Ví dụ: The accused protested her innocence

Nghĩa: bị cáo

prosecute (v)

/ˈprɒsɪkjuːt/

Ví dụ: He was prosecuted for fraud

Nghĩa: truy tố

persecute (v)

/ˈpɜːsɪkjuːt/

Ví dụ: She claimed the government was persecuting its opponents

Nghĩa: đàn áp, đối xử không công bằng

innocent (adj)

/ˈɪnəsnt/

Ví dụ: he firmly believes that she is innocent of the crime

Nghĩa: ngây thơ, vô tội

guilty (adj)

/ˈɡɪlti/

Ví dụ: The jury has to decide whether a person is guilty or innocent of a crime

Nghĩa: có tội, tội lỗi

decision (n)

/dɪˈsɪʒn/

Ví dụ: She has had to make some very difficult decisions

Nghĩa: sự quyết định

verdict (n)

/ˈvɜːdɪkt/

Ví dụ: The jury passed a verdict of guilty, with an appeal to the judge for clemency.

Nghĩa: lời tuyên án, bản án

capital punishment (n)

/ˌkæpɪtəl ˈpʌnɪʃmənt/

Ví dụ: It seems that only the President's grace can save the terrorist from capital punishment.

Nghĩa: sự tử hình

corporal punishment (n)

/ˌkɔːpərəl ˈpʌnɪʃmənt/

Ví dụ: Corporal punishment was abolished in Britain in 1986.

Nghĩa: nhục hình

witness (n)

/ˈwɪtnəs/

Ví dụ: Police are appealing for witnesses to the accident to come forward.

Nghĩa: nhân chứng

bystander (n)

/ˈbaɪstændər/

Ví dụ: Many innocent bystanders were injured by the explosion.

Nghĩa: người ngoài cuộc

commit (v)

/kəˈmɪt/

Ví dụ: He was sent to prison for a crime that he didn't commit.

Nghĩa: phạm tội

break (v)

/breɪk/

Ví dụ: Eventually someone spoke, breaking the silence.

Nghĩa: phá hủy hoặc kết thúc điều gì đó

robber (n)

/ˈrɒbər/

Ví dụ: a bank robber

Nghĩa: tên cướp

burglar (n)

/ˈbɜːɡlər/

Ví dụ: Burglars broke into the gallery and stole dozens of priceless paintings.

Nghĩa: kẻ trộm (bẻ khóa)

thief (n)

/θiːf/

Ví dụ: It is the fourth time the shop has been targeted by thieves

Nghĩa: kẻ trộm

lawyer (n)

/ˈlɔːjər/

Ví dụ: The lawyer representing the family said he was very satisfied with the verdict

Nghĩa: luật sư

solicitor (n)

/səˈlɪsɪtər/

Ví dụ: The solicitor asked that her client be allowed to make a phone call

Nghĩa: cố vấn pháp luật

forge (v)

/fɔːdʒ/

Ví dụ: New digital techniques can spot paintings that have been forged

Nghĩa: giả mạo, làm giả

forger (n)

/ˈfɔːdʒər/

Ví dụ: Within minutes he had set me up with a forger who could fake aunt Emma's signature.

Nghĩa: kẻ làm giả

back down (phrasal verb)

Ví dụ: Neither side is willing to back down.

Nghĩa: Ngừng đòi hỏi, ngừng nói bạn sẽ làm cái gì

hand in (phrasal verb)

Ví dụ: Please hand in your exam paper before you leave the classroom.

Nghĩa: nộp

break out (phrasal verb)

Ví dụ: They broke out of prison and fled the country.

Nghĩa: vượt ngục

hold up (phrasal verb)

Ví dụ: In the hold-up, a masked youth threatened the bank staff with a gun.

Nghĩa: cướp

bring in (phrasal verb)

Ví dụ: The government brought in a controversial law under which it could take any land it wanted

Nghĩa: ban hành (luật)

let off (phrasal verb)

Ví dụ: She was let off with a warning

Nghĩa: tha, không phạt, làm...nổ

chase after (phrasal verb)

Ví dụ: The policeman chased the mugger down the alley

Nghĩa: đuổi theo

look into (phrasal verb)

Ví dụ: I'm looking into an accident

Nghĩa: điều tra

come forward (phrasal verb)

Ví dụ: The National Blood Service is anxious for more donors to come forward

Nghĩa: đề nghị cung cấp thông tin

make off (phrasal verb)

Ví dụ: with robbers making off with close to 100 million rand

Nghĩa: trốn thoát (cùng với vật hoặc người)

get away with (phrasal verb)

Ví dụ: I let a man get away with murder

Nghĩa: thoát tội

take down (phrasal verb)

Ví dụ: A woman is taking down some notes on a pad of paper

Nghĩa: ghi chép, ghi lại

go off (phrasal verb)

Ví dụ: The bomb went off at midday

Nghĩa: nổ (súng)

take in (phrasal verb)

Ví dụ: She was taken in by all his lies

Nghĩa: lừa gạt

on account of (phrase)

Ví dụ: We have to do all the household chores on account of not going with my mother on her travel trip.

Nghĩa: Bởi vì

take into account (phrase)

Ví dụ: I hope my teacher will take into account the fact that I was ill just before the exams when she marks my paper.

Nghĩa: Cân nhắc

account for sth (phrasal verb)

Ví dụ: The poor weather may have accounted for clouds.

Nghĩa: Giải thích về điều gì

take advantage of sth/sb (phrase)

Ví dụ: It is a nice day, so that we should take advantage of the good weather and go picnic.

Nghĩa: Tận dụng, lợi dụng

have an advantage over sth/sb (phrase)

Ví dụ: As she already knew French, she had an advantage over the rest of the class.

Nghĩa: Có lợi thế

at an advantage (phrase)

Ví dụ: The union should be at an advantage in the negotiations.

Nghĩa: Có lợi thế

an/one/etc advantage (of sth) (phrase)

Ví dụ: The advantage of booking tickets in advance is that you get better seats.

Nghĩa: Lợi ích từ

be to blame (for sth/doing) (phrase)

Ví dụ: It seems that human error was to blame for the crash.

Nghĩa: Bị đổ lỗi

get/take the blame (for sth/doing) (phrase)

Ví dụ: If we fail, I'll take the blame.

Nghĩa: Nhận trách nhiệm

put the blame on sth/sb (phrase)

Ví dụ: The public seems to be putting the blame for the data breach on the company's lax security measures.

Nghĩa: Đổ lỗi cho ai

blame sth (on sb) (phrase)

Ví dụ: We can't blame it on them

Nghĩa: Đổ tội cho ai về điều gì

blame sb for sth/doing (phrase)

Ví dụ: She doesn't blame anyone for her father's death.

Nghĩa: Đổ lỗi ai vì cái gì đó

do/cause damage (to sth) (phrase)

Ví dụ: Strong winds had caused serious damage to the roof.

Nghĩa: Hư hại, phá hủy

at fault (phrase)

Ví dụ: She was at fault for the error.

Nghĩa: Chịu trách nhiệm về một sai lầm

find fault with sth/sb (phrase)

Ví dụ: She is always finding fault with her husband.

Nghĩa: Soi lỗi, phàn nàn

have the/no intention of doing (phrase)

Ví dụ: I've no intention of changing my plans just to fit in with his.

Nghĩa: Có/Không có ý định

mistake sb for sb (phrase)

Ví dụ: I often mistake her for her mother on the phone.

Nghĩa: Nhầm ai đó, hoặc thứ gì đó

do sth by mistake (phrase)

Ví dụ: I'm sorry - I opened one of your letters by mistake.

Nghĩa: Do nhầm lẫn

necessary (for sb) to do (phrase)

Ví dụ: The doctor says it may be necessary for me to have an operation.

Nghĩa: Cần thiết làm gì

in order (phrase)

Ví dụ: I think congratulations are in order for the new graduates in the room!

Nghĩa: Đúng lúc

put sth in order (phrase)

Ví dụ: I have to put my classroom in order before the students return to school next week.

Nghĩa: Dọn dẹp thứ gì, đặt theo đúng trật tự

in order to do (phrase)

Ví dụ: He came home early in order to see the children before they went to bed.

Nghĩa: Để làm gì

give an order (to sb) (to do) (phrase)

Ví dụ: The soldiers fired as soon as their commander gave the order.

Nghĩa: Ra lệnh ai làm gì

give sb permission to do (phrase)

Ví dụ: Parents have to give their permission for their children to go on school trips.

Nghĩa: Cho phép ai làm gì

ask (sb) for permission to do (phrase)

Ví dụ: It required that officers ask a supervisor for permission to arm themselves.

Nghĩa: Xin phép ai làm gì

have/ask for/get permission (from sb) to do (phrase)

Ví dụ: I got permission from my father to buy a book.

Nghĩa: Được sự cho phép từ ai

do sth on purpose (phrase)

Ví dụ: Did you break the cup on purpose?

Nghĩa: Làm điều gì có chủ đích

purpose of sth (phrase)

Ví dụ: The purpose of the research is to try to find out more about the causes of the disease.

Nghĩa: Mục đích của

reason with sb (phrase)

Ví dụ: We tried to reason with the worried mother but she went out alone in the storm to look for the child.

Nghĩa: Tranh luận với ai

have/find/think of/work out/come up with/figure out a solution (to sth) (phrase)

Ví dụ: It took them about one month to figure out how to start the equipment.

Nghĩa: Tìm, kiếm, nghĩ ra giải pháp cho việc gì

do wrong (phrase)

Ví dụ: You did wrong to punish him.

Nghĩa: Đối xử tồi tệ với ai

do the wrong thing (phrase)

Ví dụ: We all do something wrong sometimes

Nghĩa: Làm sai việc gì

the wrong thing to do (phrase)

Ví dụ: You always say the wrong thing - no offense

Nghĩa: Điều sai trái

go wrong (phrase)

Ví dụ: What went wrong? You were doing really well.

Nghĩa: Có vấn đề, trục trặc

the wrong way up (phrase)

Ví dụ: He holds his book upside down/the wrong way up

Nghĩa: Bị ngược

accuse sb of sth/doing (phrase)

Ví dụ: I was never accused of doing anything like Madoff did.

Nghĩa: buộc tội ai làm gì

doubt sth (verb)

Ví dụ: If you have doubt or doubts about something, you feel uncertain about it and do not know whether it is true or possible.

Nghĩa: Nghi ngờ

doubt that (phrase)

Ví dụ: I have no doubt that you're right.

Nghĩa: nghi ngờ rằng

doubt if/whether (phrase)

Ví dụ: I doubt if he'll come.

Nghĩa: nghi ngờ liệu

make sb do (phrase)

Ví dụ: The robber makes everyone lie down.

Nghĩa: Sai khiến ai đó làm gì

be made to do (phrase)

Ví dụ: He was made to tell the truth.

Nghĩa: bị buộc, yêu cầu làm gì

arrest sb for sth/doing (phrase)

Ví dụ: She was arrested for drug-related offences.

Nghĩa: bị bắt vì tội gì/làm gì

forgive sb for sth/doing (phrase)

Ví dụ: Please forgive me for coming late.

Nghĩa: tha thứ cho ai vì đã làm gì

charge sb with sth (phrase)

Ví dụ: He was charged with murder.

Nghĩa: buộc tội ai đó với điều gì đó

glimpse sth (verb)

Ví dụ: We glimpsed the ruined abbey from the windows of the train.

Nghĩa: nhìn thoáng qua cái gì đó

catch a glimpse of sth (phrase)

Ví dụ: Later we caught our first glimpse of the sea.

Nghĩa: Nhìn thoáng qua cái gì

respect sth (verb)

Ví dụ: Respect the law.

Nghĩa: tôn trọng điều gì

respect sb for sth/doing (phrase)

Ví dụ: I deeply respect you for what you archived.

Nghĩa: Ngưỡng mộ, tôn trọng ai bởi điều gì

have respect for sth/sb (phrase)

Ví dụ: Does he have respect for his teachers?

Nghĩa: tôn trọng điều gì/người nào

claim to be/do (phrase)

Ví dụ: I don't claim to be an expert.

Nghĩa: tự nhận là / làm điều gì đó