Human Skeleton and Vertebral Column

Flashcards covering key concepts related to the human skeleton and vertebral column, including anatomy, function, and common pathologies.

What are the major divisions of the human skeleton?

The human skeleton is divided into the axial skeleton (skull, thoracic cage, vertebral column) and the appendicular skeleton (bones of the arms, legs, scapula, and pelvis).

How many vertebrae are in the cervical region?

There are 7 cervical vertebrae, labeled C1 to C7.

What are common abnormal spinal curvatures?

Common abnormal spinal curvatures include scoliosis, kyphosis, and lordosis.

What is the function of intervertebral discs?

Intervertebral discs act as shock absorbers between vertebrae and allow for movement in the spine.

What distinguishes the first cervical vertebra (C1) from other cervical vertebrae?

The first cervical vertebra, called the atlas, supports the skull and allows for nodding movement.

What is the composition of an intervertebral disc?

An intervertebral disc is composed of an outer layer called the anulus fibrosus and a inner gelatinous center called the nucleus pulposus.

What is the significance of the sacrum in the vertebral column?

The sacrum is formed by the fusion of 5 vertebrae and connects the spine to the pelvis.

What are true ribs?

True ribs are the first 7 pairs of ribs that attach directly to the sternum.

What is the purpose of the vertebral foramen?

The vertebral foramen is the opening in the vertebrae that houses the spinal cord.

What is a herniated disc?

A herniated disc occurs when the nucleus pulposus bulges out through a tear in the annulus fibrosus, potentially compressing nearby nerves.