A New World of Many Cultures and European Exploration

Flashcards about the New World and Exploration eras.

Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations

Civilizations in Central and South America known for organized societies, extensive trade, and knowledge of calendars and agriculture.

Southwest Settlements

Dry region settlements in present-day New Mexico and Arizona, supported by farming with irrigation systems and known for multistory buildings.

Northwest Settlements

Pacific Coast settlements from Alaska to Northern California, known for longhouses, hunting, fishing, and totem poles.

Great Plains Settlements

Nomadic hunters who lived in teepees and sedentary farmers who lived in earthen lodges along rivers.

Midwest Settlements

East of the Mississippi River, known for hunting, fishing, farming, and large earthen mounds.

Northern Settlements

Settlements that spread from Ohio to New York, practiced agriculture that exhausted the soil, and formed the Iroquois Confederation.

Atlantic Seaboard Settlements

Settlements from New Jersey to Florida, populated by descendants of Woodland mound builders, who built dwellings along rivers and the Atlantic coast.

Renaissance

The rebirth of classical learning that led to advancements in technology and exploration in the 15th and 16th centuries.

Portugal

A European power that explored new routes to Asia, traded slaves from West Africa, and benefited from sugar plantations.

African Resistance

Refusal to accept enslavement through running away, sabotaging work, or revolting.

Bahamas

Columbus landed here on October 12, 1492.

Colombian Exchange

The transfer of plants, animals, and germs between Europe and the Americas.

Line of Demarcation

The line established by the Pope in 1493 to divide territories in the Americas between Spain and Portugal.

Treaty of Tordesillas

The 1494 agreement between Spain and Portugal that moved the Line of Demarcation.

English Policy

An early English policy where they settled in areas with fewer natives, had less intermarriage, focused on hunting, and often resulted in warfare.

French Policy

An early French policy where they focused on the fur trade with natives, had less land, and were seen as less threatening.

St. Augustine

Spanish city, the oldest in North America, established in 1565.

Jamestown and Plymouth

Successful British Colony.

Indentured servants

People who agree to work for a master for a certain amount of years in exchange for transportation from Europe to the Americas.

Wealth, spread Christianity, escape persecution

Primary motivations for settling in the Americas in the 17th century.

Corporate colonies

Colonies were operated by joint-stock companies at least during these colonies’ early years.

Royal colonies

Colonies were under the direct authority and rule of the king’s government.

Proprietary colonies

Colonies were under the authority of individuals granted charters of ownership by the king.

Pilgrims

Set sail for Virginia on the Mayflower.

Massachusetts Bay Colony

Puritans sailed for Massachusetts and found Boston.

Act of Toleration

1649 Religious freedom to all Christians in Maryland.

House of Burgesses

Representative Assembly in Virginia.

Triangular Trade

Three part route transatlantic trade.

Mercantilism

Economic theory that a country’s wealth was determined by how much more it exported than it imported.

Smuggling

In 1684 the charter of Massachusetts was revoked due to it being the center of what activity.

Pueblo Revolt

1680 the Spanish were driven away from the area.

Headright System

attracting immigrants with 50 acres of land per immigrant in virginia.

Permanent bondage

In 1660s the Virginia House of Burgesses kept Africans and their offspring in what.

The Great Awakening

Series of religious revivals in American Christian history.