Chapter 4 Quiz

Macrosociology

focuses on broad features of society

functionalist and conflict theories

ex: social class and the relationships of one group to another (the homeless)

Microsociology

focuses on social interaction, what people do when they are together

symbolic interactionism

ex: one person's actions influencing someone else

Social structure

framework of society that surrounds us

Give direction to set limits on behavior

ex: giving tardies at school, middle class rules, ect

Culture

broad framework that determines what kind of people we become

Social Class

Based on income., education, and occupational prestige

Influences our behaviors, ideas, and attitudes

Groups

People who interact with one another and believe what they have in common is significant

Ex: apart of a family group, peer group, ect

Social status

position someone occupies in a social group

ex: student, teacher, boss, employee, ect

Status set

all the statuses of positions an individual holds

ex: student, athlete, artist, drama member

Ascribed status

a status inherent at birth

ex: your brothers and sisters, age, royalty titles, birth order, ect

Achieved status

a status that is earned

ex: president, honor roll, varsity sport, ect

Status symbol

indications of a status

ex: letterman jacket, uniform, clear backpack

Master status

a status that cuts across all the other statuses

ex: being a mother, being a student, ect

Status inconsistency

mismatch among statuses

ex: teen mom, football player who is also a ballerina

Roles

The behaviors, obligations, and privileges attached to a status

ex: taking notes in class, doing chores for the house, take care of siblings and drive them places.

Symbolic interactionists

study society at the macrosociological level

Focus on interactions and how it orents us to social life

Social experiment (Snyder 1993)

focused on photos of beautiful women vs ugly women

Men asked to make assumptions about these women-> beautiful=poised, humorous, outgoing; ugly=awkward, serious, unsocial

Talked to these women on the phone afterwards and men were standoffish with ugly and outgoing with beautiful-> self fulfilling prophecy

Intimate distance

-bodies-18 inches away (comforting, hugging, ect)

Personal distance

18 inches-4 feet (friends, aqantiences)

Social distance

4 feet-12 feet (impersonal or informal relationships)

Public distance

beyond 12 feet (public speaking, general public)

Body language

learned through socialization at an early age to give messages to people through facial expressions, gestures, posture, etc

US military spent $$ to train soldiers in body language to alert to danger or potential terrorist activity (quick downturn mouth, rapid blinking=nervous/lying)

German store clerks

German store clerks were told to smile (germans don't do that) and had to change policy because many were complaining (seen as creepy)

body language changes from culture to culture

Dramaturgy (Goffman 1952)

while we occupy a status and play the role, we go through life like actors on a stage (perform on the front stage and retreat to the backstage of life

Learned through socialization

Role expectations vs role performance

Occupy a status, play a role-> behaviors that are expected of us vs. how we
actually play the role

Playing games while you are supposed to be taking notes

Role conflict

stress/conflict when roles of 1 status conflict with roles of another status

ex: When an expectations as a teacher conflict with being a mother

Role strain

stress/conflict when roles of 1 status conflict with other roles from the same status

Study more for an AP test than an academic class

Appearance

image we project through clothes, body shape, jewelry, hair choice, ect

Manner

attitudes we show while playing our roles

Teamwork

we collaborate with one another while playing our roles to allow the performance to come off as planned

face saving behavior

making a joke out of something

studied nonobservance

pretending like it didn't happen if something out of the of the ordinary happens

Over time, we become the roles that we play

(T/F)

True

teacher acting like a teacher outside of school

Many experience stress when role exit occurs

(T/F)

True

a student leaving high school