Radiography midterm study

Pneumothorax

Hyperlucency

Trachea Shift →

Kerley B lines represent collapsed lung

Pneumonia

Consolidation =Whiteness = Pneumonia

Blunted Costophrenic angles = consolidation secretions

Pulmonary edema

Fluffy infiltrates = pulmonary edema

ARDS

Scattered patchy infiltrates

Proper ET tube placement may be described as

level with the __________ knob or ________

_______ cm above the carina

Level with ___

Aortic Arch

2-5

T4

Description

Tracheal shift from midline

Pneumothorax

Hemothorax

significant atelectasis

Description

Obliterated costophrenic angles

Pleural effusion

Description

Flattened Diaphragms

COPD

significant air-trapping

Description

Radiolucent

Normal

Fluffy infiltrates

Pulmonary edema

Wedge-shaped infiltrates

Pulmonary embolus

Air-bronchogram

Consolidation

Pneumonia

Butterfly or bat wing pattern

Pulmonary edema

Plate-like

patchy infiltrates

atelectasis

Scattered Patchy infiltrates

ARDS

Ground glass, honeycomb pattern

ARDS or IRDS

Reticulogranular

ARDS

Concave superior interface

Pleural effusion

What does radiopaque mean?

Radiopaque refers to substances or structures that appear white or bright on an X-ray because they block or absorb X-rays.

Can you give an example of radiopaque materials?

include bones, metal objects, Tubes

what is radiolucent?

substances or structures that appear dark or black on an X-ray.

Examples of Radiolucent Structures

Air:

Found in the lungs, trachea, and intestines.

Appears very dark due to minimal obstruction of X-rays.

Soft Tissues:

Organs Containing Gas:

Radiolucent Pathological Examples:

Pneumothorax: Air in the pleural cavity appears dark.

Emphysema: Overly air-filled lung spaces appear darker than normal.

look at Xray

what can you identify?

What 3 typical pathologies do we look for when assessing breathing in X-rays?

Consolidation

Pneumothorax

Pleural effusion

What is consolidation of the lung - how is it caused?

Where alveoli and small airways fill with dense (WHITE) material (e.g. pus, fluid, cells, blood etc.)

What is pneumothorax?

Hyperresonant and reduced tactile fremitus on the affected side

What is pleural effusion?

fluid gathers in lowest part of chest according to patient's position Affected, region appears white throughout

Blunting of the costophrenic angles:

Notice the blunted costophrenic angles

Indicates effusion but not too severe

When do we see the pleura in an x-ray?

ONLY visible when there is an abnormality present - pleural thickening, fluid/air in pleural space

What are the features of COPD on a chest X-ray?

COPD = emphysema/ chronic bronchitis CXR features: Hyperinflation more than 6 anterior ribs/ 8 posterior visible Flattening of hemidiaphragm