US History I - Chapter 3

Lower house (colonial assembly)

elected colonial legislature that controlled taxes and local laws

Upper house (council)

appointed group that reviewed and approved colonial laws

Board of Trade

British agency that supervised colonial trade and policies

Mercantilism

economic system where colonies existed to benefit the mother country

Favorable balance of trade

exporting more than importing to gain wealth

Navigation Acts

laws forcing colonies to trade mainly with Britain and use British ships

Wool Act

law limiting colonial wool production to protect British industry

Hat Act

law restricting hat manufacturing in the colonies

Iron Act

law limiting colonial iron manufacturing so Britain retained control

Triangular Trade

trade route linking Europe Africa and the Americas

Great Awakening

religious revival movement of the 1730s–1740s

George Whitefield

preacher known for emotional sermons during the Great Awakening

Jonathan Edwards

Great Awakening preacher who emphasized personal religious experience

Ben Franklin

Enlightenment figure who promoted science reason and colonial unity

Ohio River Valley

land disputed by Britain and France leading to the French and Indian War

Albany Plan of Union

Ben Franklin’s proposal to unite the colonies for defense

General Braddock

British general defeated early in the French and Indian War

Treaty of Paris 1763

agreement ending the French and Indian War giving Britain new territory

Pontiac

Native leader who resisted British rule after the French and Indian War

Virtual Representation

British idea that Parliament represented all subjects even without direct voting

Boston Massacre

violent confrontation between colonists and British soldiers increasing tensions

Boston Tea Party

colonial protest where tea was dumped to oppose the Tea Act

First Continental Congress

1774 meeting of colonies responding to the Intolerable Acts