Classification of Bones

How are bones classified by..?

Shape

Long Bone

Longer than wide; a shaft plus end

Where is long bone found?

extremities (appendicular skeleton).

Clavicle & Levers

What is a Lever?

A rigid rod (usually the length of bone) that turns about a pivot (usually a joint)

Help us use minimal force when moving a large external force

What are the structure of Typical Long Bone?

Diaphysis, Epiphyses, Blood Vessels, Medullary Cavity, Membranes

Diaphysis

“shaft” of a bone

What is the function of Diaphysis?

covered with periosteum for bone growth, repair, and nutrition.

What type of bone is underneath of Diaphysis?

Compact Bone

Epiphyses

One at each ends of long bone

What is the function of Epiphyses?

Covered with hyaline cartilage for articulating

What type of bone is underneath Epiphyses?

Spongy Bone

Membranes

Periosteum & Endosteum

Endosteum

covers the trabeculae of spongy bone & lines the central canals in osteons.

Short Bones

roughly, cube shaped

What does the short bone allow for?

flexible movement

Where is short bone found?

Carpals & Tarsals

Flat Bones

Thin & flattened, usually curved

What does the flat bone do?

protects vital organ & provides area for attachment of muscles

Where is the flat bone found?

Cranial Bones, Facial Bones, Scapula, & Sternum

Irregular Bones

various shapes, do not fit into other categories

What does the irregular bone provide?

support & protection with flexibility

Where is the irregular bone found?

Vertebrae, Ribs, Ear Ossicles, Hip, Hyoid

Sesamoid Bones

develop in Tendons

What is the structure short, irregular, & flat bones?

Contain bone marrow, but no marrow cavity