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What does the epididymis do?
produces sperm
What parts make up the epididymis?
head, body, tail
Where do the ductus deferens leave the epididymis?
tail
What connects the testicle and tail of epididymis?
proper ligament of the testicle
What connects the epididymis and scrotum?
ligament of the epididymis
What is the purpose of the pampiniform plexus?
thermoregulation
What is the mesoductus?
surrounds ductus deferens and connects to mesorchium
What is the mesorchium?
The mesentery suspending the testis and spermatic cord
What does the cremaster muscle do?
raises and lowers testes
What is the cremaster derived from?
internal abdominal oblique
What innervates the cremaster?
genitofemoral
What are the pros of open castration?
can ligate individual structures and you have better control of bleeding
What are the cons of open castration?
opens peritoneal cavity to infection
What are the pros of closed castration?
does not expose peritoneal cavity
What are th cons of closed castration?
do not have as much control over bleeding and can't access individual structures
What accessory sex glands do the stallions have?
ampullary gland, seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbourethral glands
What accessory sex glands do the bulls have?
ampullary glands, seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbourethral glands
What accessory sex glands do the boar have?
seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbourethral glands
What accessory sex glands do the dogs have?
ampullary gland, prostate
What is different between the penis of the stallion and bull?
horse: musculocavernous
bull: fibroelastic penis
What are the two spaces that accomodate blood in the musculocavernous penis?
corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum
How is erection achieved in a musculocavernous penis?
filling the corpus spaces
What happens if blood fills the spaces in the fibroelastic penis?
not much growth in diameter happens since the penis is filled with fibroelastic tissue
What is the sigmoid flexure in the penis?
allows the penis to retract when not erect
What retracts the penis?
retractor penis muscle
Who has fibroelastic penis?
ruminant and swine
True or false: the urethra is always ventral
true
1 multiple choice option
True or false: corpus spongiosum is present on the dorsal aspect but not the ventral aspect
true
1 multiple choice option
What is the prepuce?
fold of skin that telescopes to accommodate the erect penis
What happens to the inner and outer laminae when the penis is not erect?
contact one another
What is the preputial ring?
visible edge of the preputial fold
What does the internal pudendal artery give rise to?
artery of the penis and artery of the bulb of the penis
What does the obturator artery give rise to?
deep artery of penis (this is unique to horse)
What contributes to the dorsal artery of the penis?
internal pudendal, obturator, external pudendal
What also supplies the scrotum and prepuce?
external pudendal artery
What is the urethral process?
end of urethra that thins out
What is urolithiasis?
stones in the urinary tract (common in the urethral process)
What is unique to the pig uterus?
long and convulated for number of piglets they have
What is unique to the cow uterus?
caruncles
What is unique to the mare ovary?
1. ovulation fossa
2. medulla (outside) and cortex (inside)
What is the ovulation fossa?
site of ovulation in the mare
How do the horns curl in cows?
ventrally
What is the ligament that connects the uterine horns cranially in cows?
intercornual ligament
What does the body of the uterus and cervix look like in cows?
short body and long cervix
What does the cervical canal have?
rings
What do the uterine horns looks like in the mare?
short and do not curl
What does the body of the uterus and cervix look like in mare?
large body and short cervix
What does the cervical canal have in mares?
longitudinal folds
What is the broad ligament?
peritoneum containing fat and blood vessels
What artery is in the mesentery (broad ligament) that can rupture and can be felt by a fluid filled mesentary?
uterine artery
What is the uterine artery a branch of in the cow?
internal iliac
What is the uterine artery a branch of in the mare?
external iliac
What is the mesometrium?
attaches to body and horns of uterus
What is the mesovarium?
attaches to ovary
What is the mesosalpinx?
attaches to uterine tube
What surrounds the ovary?
ovarian bursa
What forms the walls of the ovarian bursa?
mesovarium and mesosalpinx
What helps enclose the ovarian bursa space?
proper ligament of the ovary, fimbrae, infundibulum
What is the ovarian bursa an opening of?
it opens into the peritoneal cavity
What supplies the uterus and anastomose along the lateral border of the uterus?
uterine, vaginal, and ovarian
What contributes uterine branches besides the internal iliac?
vaginal and ovarian
What is another direct branch of the internal iliac besides uterine artery?
vaginal artery
What is the vestibule?
space between the vagina and the labia
What supplies the vagina and vestibule?
internal pudendal
What supplies the vaginal canal?
vaginal artery
What supplies the bulb of the vestibule?
artery of the bulb of the vestible
What are the two parts of the vulva?
dorsal and ventral commissures
What is gravid uterus?
pregnant uterus
What is a dystocia?
difficulty giving birth
What is the proper birthing position of fetus in mares or ruminants?
front feet and head comes first (dorsosacral positioning)
What is a caesarean section?
delivery through abdominal/uterine incision
