Chapter 2 Flashcards

What is a proper fraction?

A fraction with a value less than 1.

What is an improper fraction?

A fraction with a value greater than 1.

Express U.S. national debt in scientific notation ($22,602,942,644,871.49).

≈ 2.26 × 10¹³.

Express 0.00075 m in scientific notation.

7.5 × 10⁻⁴ m.

What is Planck’s constant?

h = 6.63 × 10⁻³⁴ J·s.

What are base quantities?

Length (m), Mass (kg), Time (s).

What are derived quantities?

Formed from base quantities (e.g., volume = l³, velocity = l/t, density = m/l³).

What are special quantities in radiology?

Exposure, dose, effective dose, radioactivity.

What is the SI unit of mass?

Kilogram (kg).

What is the SI unit of time?

Second (s), based on vibration of cesium atoms.

What is velocity?

Rate of change of position with time (v = d/t).

What is acceleration?

Rate of change of velocity with time (a = (v_f - v₀)/t).

What are the units of acceleration?

Meters per second squared (m/s²).

What is Newton’s First Law (Inertia)?

An object remains at rest or in constant motion unless acted on by external force.

What is Newton’s Second Law (Force)?

F = ma (force equals mass × acceleration).

What is Newton’s Third Law (Action/Reaction)?

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

What is force?

A push or pull; SI unit is the Newton (N).

What is weight?

Wt = mg (mass × gravity); measured in Newtons.

What is momentum?

p = mv (mass × velocity).

What is work?

W = Fd (force × distance).

What is power?

P = W/t = Fd/t (work divided by time).

What is kinetic energy?

Energy of motion: KE = ½ mv².

What is potential energy?

Stored energy: PE = mgh.

What is heat?

Kinetic energy of random molecular motion.

What are the 3 methods of heat transfer?

Conduction, convection, radiation.

What is conduction?

Heat transfer by direct contact.

What is convection?

Heat transfer by movement of hot molecules in gas or liquid.

What is radiation (thermal)?

Heat transfer by emission of infrared radiation.

What is the formula for Celsius to Fahrenheit?

F = (9/5)C + 32.

What is the formula for Fahrenheit to Celsius?

C = (5/9)(F - 32).

What is the formula for Celsius to Kelvin?

K = C + 273.