abdomen jarvis

What condition may present with a distended abdomen, bulging flanks, and a protruding umbilicus?

Ascites.

Which percussion test checks for the presence of ascitic fluid by detecting fluid waves?

Fluid Wave Test.

In the Fluid Wave Test, where do you place your left hand?

On the person's right flank.

What does a positive Fluid Wave Test indicate?

Large amounts of ascitic fluid are present.

What is the second test for detecting ascites?

Shifting Dullness.

During the Shifting Dullness test, tympanic sound indicates what?

Gas-filled intestines.

What is indicated by a change from tympany to dullness upon percussion in the abdomen?

The presence of fluid.

What abdominal condition accompanies appendicitis as indicated by rebound tenderness?

Peritoneal inflammation.

What does Murphy's Sign test for?

Inflammation of the gallbladder (cholecystitis).

Where is McBurney Point located in relation to the umbilicus?

1.5 to 2 inches from the ileum on a line drawn to the umbilicus.

What does a positive Iliopsoas Muscle Test indicate?

Inflammation or perforation of the appendix.

The Alvarado Score is used to assess which condition?

Appendicitis.

What does an Alvarado score of 4 or less indicate?

Significantly decreases the probability of appendicitis.

Which symptoms receive points in the Alvarado Score?

Migration to right iliac fossa, anorexia, nausea and vomiting.

What abdominal shape is common in infants due to immature abdominal musculature?

Protuberant abdomen.

What is the risk associated with the presence of only one artery in an infant's umbilical cord?

Congenital defects.

How should the caregiver assist during palpation of an infant's abdomen?

Flex the baby’s knees.

What are common findings in young children regarding abdominal shape?

Protuberant abdomen, especially when standing.

In children younger than 7 years, the absence of abdominal respirations indicates what?

Inflammation of the peritoneum.

What abdominal change is noted in older adults due to redistribution of fat?

Increased deposits of subcutaneous fat.

What type of hepatitis is transmitted through blood and body fluids?

Hepatitis B and C.

What is the primary prevention for hepatitis?

Risk-factor modification and providing resources for lifestyle changes.

Which vaccines are strongly recommended for high-risk groups to prevent hepatitis B?

Hepatitis B vaccine.

What is commonly associated with chronic hepatitis C?

Chronic infection that can lead to liver failure.

What does documentation of a patient's abdominal findings include?

Subjective and objective assessments such as inspection, auscultation, percussion, and palpation.

How is rebound tenderness assessed?

By pressing down slowly and lifting up quickly on the abdomen.

What finding might indicate a potential anastomotic leak at the gastric bypass site?

Severe abdominal pain with associated symptoms.

In the infant, what abdominal finding might suggest pyloric stenosis?

Visible gastric peristalsis and an olive-shaped mass in the epigastrium.

What common abdominal condition in adults might involve an everted umbilicus and bulging flanks?

Ascites.

What sign indicates an acute abdomen that might be appendicitis?

Rebound tenderness.

How are bowel sounds typically assessed during an abdominal examination?

Auscultation.

What does a succussion splash during auscultation indicate?

Increased air and fluid in the stomach.

What might an absence of bowel sounds signify post-surgery?

Decreased motility due to inflammation or paralytic ileus.

What is considered a normal finding regarding bowel sounds in a healthy adult?

Presence of normal bowel sounds.

What action is taken if a child's umbilical hernia is larger than 2.5 cm?

If a child's umbilical hernia is larger than 2.5 cm, a referral for evaluation by a pediatric surgeon is necessary. The evaluation will determine if surgery is needed to prevent potential complications such as incarceration or strangulation of the hernia.

What does an Alvarado score of 7 or greater indicate?

Increased probability of appendicitis.

What physical finding might suggest dehydration in infants?

Scaphoid shape of the abdomen.

What condition can cause a firm nodularity in the abdominal wall upon palpation?

Ascites.

What is an umbilical hernia?

An umbilical hernia is a common condition in infants where a portion of the intestine protrudes through a weakness in the abdominal muscles around the umbilicus (navel).

What causes an umbilical hernia in infants?

Umbilical hernias are often caused by a failure of the abdominal wall to close completely around the umbilical cord in infants, allowing fat or a portion of the intestine to push through.

What are the treatment options for an umbilical hernia?

Most umbilical hernias in infants resolve on their own without treatment by age 1-2 years; however, if the hernia is large or symptomatic, surgical intervention may be recommended.

What is the typical prognosis for infants with umbilical hernias?

The prognosis for infants with umbilical hernias is generally good, with most hernias closing without intervention by the time the child is about 1-2 years old.