pathology and development lesson 1

Define radiography

Radiography is a medical imaging technique using X rays to view the bony structure

( bones and joint )

Not suitable for cartilages, tendons and muscle

Define electroencephalography ( EEG)

The use of electrodes which is placed on the skull to map out electric discharges of the brain

( used to diagnose dementia, sleep disorder and epilepsy )

Define Electromyography (EMG)

it is a nuerophysiological examination done to measure the muscle potentials by pricking a fine needle electrode in the muscle.

the patient moves the muscles and the signals are gotten which maps out neuropathies and myopathies

Define evoked potential

The presence of an external stimuli accompanied with electrode on a skull, this electrodes maps out the response from the stimuli

( used to diagnose multiple sclerosis, nerve tumor etc )

Define Lumbar puncture

this is the collection of cerebrospinal fluid using a 10 to 15 cm long and thin needle through a lumbar vertebrae. it passes through and gets to the subarchnoid space.

Helps with diagnosing infectious, inflammatory or neoplastic, disorders in the central nervous system

Define Computed Tomography

used for emergency eg stroke, cerebral hemorrhage, brain trauma.

patient lays in a tunnel and the ct scanner awakens signals in the body via x rays which is captured and translated into imaging

the scan and only be done transverse plane

Define Magnetic resonance imaging

MRI is an form of examination that uses Magnetic field . It create very detailed images for soft tissues

The MRI tube creates a large static magnetic field, nuclei with even number of protons arranges themselves like magnets and then this arrangement is disrupted by a radio wave, which then makes the protons go back to their position. this movement is registered by the MRI and translated into images

( it scans in any angle but not suitable for patients with any form of metal in their body )

Define sonography or ultrasound

The use of ultrasound waves. the waves is passed into the body through a probe and the different tissue structure response differently, the sound wave is then captured and converted into a black and white imaging

summary

EEG ( electoencephalogy = brain )

EMG ( electromyography = muscle potential )

EP ( evoked potential = external stimuli, PNS , MS )

radiology ( x rays for bones and joint )

lumbar puncture ( cerebral fluid ) ( cns)

computed topograpy ( emergency xrays )

MRI ( detailed imaging using magnetic field )

sonography ( using sound waves of soft tissues and fractures )