ROCKS N FUEL PT2

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Last updated 1:42 PM on 8/23/26
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21 Terms

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Sedimentary Rocks

FORMED AT OR NEAR SURFACE OF EARTH

  • Forms when MINERAL CRYSTALS & CLAST OF PLANTS, ANIMALS ARE COMPRESSED OR NATURALLY CEMENTED TG.

  • Also forms when MINERAL CRYSTAL PRECIPITATE FROM WATER TO FORM ROCKY MASS = ROCK SALT

  • PROCESS: weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction & cementation


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Sediments

  • FRAGMENTS OF ROCKS

  • RESULT OF WEATHERING


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Clastic Sedimentary

FORMED FROM ERODED PARTS OF OTHER ROCKS

  • GRAINS, MATRIX & CEMENT: components of clastic rocks


<p><strong>FORMED FROM ERODED PARTS OF OTHER ROCKS</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>GRAINS, MATRIX &amp; CEMENT: </strong>components of clastic rocks</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Non clastic sedimentary

EX: Evaporites, precipitates, bioclastic

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Evaporites

NON CLASTIC SEDIMENTARY

  • ROCKS FORMED FROM EVAPORATION OF WATER, LEAVING DISSOLVED MINERALS TO CRYSTALIZE


<p>NON CLASTIC SEDIMENTARY</p><ul><li><p><strong>ROCKS FORMED FROM <mark data-color="purple" style="background-color: purple; color: inherit;">EVAPORATION OF WATER</mark>, LEAVING DISSOLVED MINERALS TO CRYSTALIZE</strong></p></li></ul><p></p>
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Precipitates

NON CLASTIC SEDIMENTARY

ROCKS FORMED WHEN MINERALS FROM MINERAL SUPERSATURATED WATERS START TO CRYSTALLIZE AT THE BOTTOM

<p>NON CLASTIC SEDIMENTARY</p><p><strong>ROCKS FORMED WHEN MINERALS FROM MINERAL <mark data-color="purple" style="background-color: purple; color: inherit;">SUPERSATURATED WATERS START TO CRYSTALLIZE AT THE BOTTOM</mark></strong></p>
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Bioclastic

NON CLASTIC SEDIMENTARY

ROCK FORMED FROM COMPACTED ORGANIC MATTER

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Metamorphic Rocks

FORMED BELOW SURFACE OF EARTH THRU PROCESS OF METAMORPHISM WITH RECRYSTALLIZATION OF MINERALS IN ROCKS due to:

  • CHANGES IN PRESSURE

  • CHANGES IN TEMP CONDITIONS

  • CONTACT AND REGIONAL METAMORPHISM


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Contact Metamorphism

HEAT AND REACTIVE FLUIDS AS MAIN FACTORS.

  • Occurs when a PRE EXISITING ROCK GETS IN CONTACT WITH MAGMA WHICH IS THE SOURCE OF HEAT & MAGMATIC FLUIDS

  • METAMORPHIC ALTERATIONS AND TRANSFORMATION OCCUR AROUND CONTACT & METAMORPHIC AUREOLE of the intruding magma & rock layers.

  1. Occurs in SMALL SCALE

  2. CREATES NON FOLIATED METAMORPHIC ROCKS


<p><strong>HEAT AND REACTIVE FLUIDS AS MAIN FACTORS.</strong></p><ul><li><p>Occurs when a <strong><mark data-color="purple" style="background-color: purple; color: inherit;">PRE EXISITING ROCK GETS IN CONTACT WITH MAGMA WHICH IS THE SOURCE OF HEAT &amp; MAGMATIC FLUIDS</mark></strong></p></li><li><p><strong>METAMORPHIC ALTERATIONS AND TRANSFORMATION OCCUR AROUND CONTACT &amp; METAMORPHIC AUREOLE</strong> of the intruding magma &amp; rock layers.</p></li></ul><ol><li><p>Occurs in <strong>SMALL SCALE</strong></p></li><li><p>CREATES <strong>NON FOLIATED METAMORPHIC ROCKS</strong></p></li></ol><p></p>
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Regional metamorphism

PRESSURE AS MAIN FACTORS

  • Occurs in AREAS THAT HAVE UNDERGONE CONSIDERABLE AMOUNT OF MECHANICAL DEFORMATION & CHEMICAL RECRYSTALLIZATION during orogenic event which are commonly associated with mounts in belts

  1. Occurs in REGIONAL/LARGE SCALE

  2. CREATES FOLIATED METAMORPHIC ROCKS


<p><strong><mark data-color="purple" style="background-color: purple; color: inherit;">PRESSURE AS MAIN FACTORS</mark></strong></p><ul><li><p>Occurs in <strong>AREAS THAT HAVE UNDERGONE CONSIDERABLE AMOUNT OF <mark data-color="purple" style="background-color: purple; color: inherit;">MECHANICAL DEFORMATION &amp; CHEMICAL RECRYSTALLIZATION</mark></strong> during orogenic event which are commonly associated with mounts in belts</p></li></ul><ol><li><p>Occurs in <strong>REGIONAL/LARGE SCALE</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>CREATES FOLIATED METAMORPHIC ROCKS</strong></p></li></ol><p></p>
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Non foliated texture

CONTACT METAMORPHISM

(HEAT)

<p> <strong>CONTACT METAMORPHISM</strong></p><p><strong>(HEAT)</strong></p>
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Non foliated texture

REGIONAL METAMORPHISM

(PRESSURE)

<p><strong>REGIONAL METAMORPHISM </strong></p><p><strong>(PRESSURE)</strong></p>
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Fossil Fuels

FORMED FROM LIVING PLANTS & ANIMALS THAT EXISTED 500 MILLION YEARS AGO.

  • When living things died, fell on the ground then accumulated upon layers of earth.

  • Due to ENORMOUS PRESSURE, THE LAYERS ARE CRUSHED BY WEIGHT OF OVERLYING ROCKS.



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Hydrocarbons

FOSSIL FUELS

INTENSE HEAT AND PRESSURE, CHEMICAL REACTIONS CAUSED BY WEIGHT OF PLANTS & ANIMALS

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Coal

TYPES OF FOSSIL FUELS

A ROCK FORMED FROM THE DECOMPOSITION OF PLANT LIFE.

  • EX: Peat, lignite, bituminous, anthracite


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Peat

TYPES OF COAL

THE INITIAL STAGE OF THE DEV. OF COAL.

  • MADE FROM DECAYED PLANT FIBERS


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Lignite

TYPES OF COAL

THE “BROWN COAL” THAT IS SOFT AND HAS A WOODY TEXTURE.

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Bituminous

TYPES OF COAL

A SEDIMENTARY ROCK THAT CONTAINS IMPURITIES LIKE SULFUR

  • DARK OR BROWN COLOR AND SOFT.


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Anthracite

TYPES OF COAL

METAMORPHOSED INTO ALMOST PURE CARBON.

  • HARD AND BRITTLE


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Oil (Petroleum)

TYPE OF FOSSIL FUELS

MADE FROM DECOMPOSED ORGANISMS THAT WERE OFTEN FOUND IN OCEANS & SEAS

  • DECOMPOSED ORGANISMS SEDIMENTS ACCUMULATE and are digested over time under PRESSURE AND HEAT, EVENTUALLY INTO LIQUID.


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Natural Gas

TYPE OF FOSSIL FUELS

The FORMATION OF THIS FOSSIL FUEL IS SIMILAR TO PETROLEUM

  • METHANE RISES FROM OIL, the source of this gaseous fossil fuel are ABOVE THE OIL SOURCE