AP World History 5.1-5.2 Flashcards

American Revolution

Movement for independence from British rule leading to new government based on Enlightenment ideals.

French Revolution

Uprising aimed at establishing equality and liberty, resulting in the end of monarchy and rise of republics.

Declaration of the Rights of Man

Fundamental document asserting human rights, declared in the early French Revolution.

Reign of Terror

Period of extreme violence during the French Revolution marked by mass executions of perceived enemies.

Haiti

Nation in the Caribbean established from a successful revolt by enslaved people against colonial rule.

Toussaint L’Ouverture

Leader of Haiti's revolution; key figure in abolishing slavery and establishing an independent state.

Simón Bolívar

Venezuelan leader who played a significant role in liberating several South American countries from Spanish rule.

Lola Rodríguez de Tió

Puerto Rican poet and activist promoting independence from Spanish colonization through her writings.

Propaganda Movement

Campaign for reform and autonomy in the Philippines led by educated Filipinos abroad advocating against Spanish colonial rule.

Giuseppe Mazzini

Italian nationalist advocating for unification and promoting the idea of a unified Italian state.

Risorgimento

Italian nationalist movement aimed at unifying Italy in the 19th century.

Giuseppe Garibaldi

Military leader who contributed to the unification of Italy through his expeditions and revolutionary activities.

Otto von Bismarck

German statesman instrumental in unifying Germany through strategic wars and realpolitik.

Ottomanism

Effort to create a unified national identity in the Ottoman Empire by overcoming ethnic and religious differences.

Bastille

Fortress in Paris stormed during the French Revolution, symbolizing tyranny and oppression.

John Locke

Philosopher advocating natural rights and social contract theories in the 17th century.

Baron Montesquieu

Philosopher who advocated separation of powers in government systems.

Voltaire

Writer renowned for critiques of religion and advocacy for civil liberties.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Philosopher who expanded social contract theory, emphasizing general will.

Enlightenment

Intellectual movement prioritizing reason, individualism, and scientific inquiry.

Thomas Paine

Political activist known for advocating independence and Deism in writings.

Mary Wollstonecraft

Early feminist writer advocating for women’s education and rights.

Zionism

National movement for the establishment of a Jewish homeland in the historical land of Israel.

Theodor Herzl

Founder of modern Zionism advocating for a Jewish state in the late 19th century.

Dreyfus Affair

Controversial trial highlighting deep-seated anti-Semitism in France in the late 19th century.

Adam Smith

Economist advocating for free markets and minimal government intervention in economic matters.

The Wealth of Nations

Adam Smith's work promoting capitalism and free trade principles.