RESP 120 Chapter 11 - Control of Ventilation

The dorsal respiratory group (DRG) is located in the dorsal part of the ____.

medulla

The DRG group primarily controls inspiration or expiration?

inspiration

The DRG group is responsible for normal or labored breathing?

normal

The inspiratory ramp signal gradually increases neural activity sent from the ____ to the ____ to make it contract smoothly during ____.

DRG, diaphragm, inspiration

Where does the DRG receive sensory inputs from ____ in the CSF and peripheral NS, cranial nerves ____ and ____, and the ____-____ reflex.

chemoreceptors, glossopharyngeal, vagus, Hering-Breuer

The ventral respiratory group (VRG) is located in the ____ ____.

ventrolateral medulla

The VRG activates during ____ or ____ breathing and boosts ____ when breathing needs backup from ____ ____.

forced, labored, ventilation, accessory muscles

The VRG stimulates expiratory muscles: ____ ____, and ____, and inspiratory muscles: ____ and ____.

internal intercostals, abdominals, sternocleidomastoids, scalenes

The VRG receives sensory input from ____ in the CSF and peripheral NS, and cranial nerves ____ and ____.

chemoreceptors, glossopharyngeal, vagus

The Hering-Breuer reflex is a protective mechanism in which ____ ____ ____ signal the ____ to stop ____ and prevent ____-____

lung stretch receptors, DRG, inspiration, over-inflation

The ____ nerve carries the Hering-Breuer reflex signal to the medulla.

vagus

The ____ center prevents inspiratory ramp signal from being switched off too soon.

apneustic

The ____ ____ inhibits the apneustic center and terminates the inspiratory ramp signal

pneumotaxic center

The pneumotaxic center controls ____ ____ and pattern by adjusting how long ____ lasts.

respiratory rate, inspiration

increased pneumotaxic activity causes ____ inspiration —> ____ breathing.

shorter, faster

decreased pneumotaxic activity causes ____ inspiration —> ____, ____ breathing.

longer, slower, deeper

J-receptors are located in ____ ____ near ____

lung parenchyma, capillaries

J-receptors sense ____ inflammation, pulmonary-vascular congestion (e.g.: _ _ _), pulmonary ____.

alveolar, CHF, edema

J-receptors trigger ____, ____ breathing, dyspnea, and ____ narrowing.

rapid, shallow, glottic

Cheyne-Stokes breathing

cycles of gradual increase in rate and volume —> gradual decrease —> complete apnea

Biot’s breathing consists of ____ respirations with groups of ____, ____ breaths followed by periods of ____.

irregular, quick, shallow, apnea

Apneustic breathing consists of prolonged ____ ____ that leads to inadequate/irregular ____.

inspiratory gasping, expiration

Reflex hyperpnea is abnormally ____ depth and rate of breathing triggered by ____ ____ that boosts ____ beyond metabolic needs.

increased, reflex stimulation, ventilation

Central reflex hypopnea is a ____ in both rate and depth of breathing due to ____ ____ ____ in the brainstem’s ____ ____.

reduction, depressed neural activity, respiratory centers