CHAT CRAM STUDY SET BIO TEST 11/13

Polarity

Uneven sharing of electrons makes one side of a molecule slightly negative and the other slightly positive.

Hydrogen bond

Weak attraction between the hydrogen of one molecule and the oxygen of another

responsible for many water properties.

Cohesion

Water sticking to itself

creates surface tension.

Adhesion

Water sticking to other surfaces

helps water climb up plants.

High specific heat

Water resists temperature change

stabilizes climate and body temp.

Universal solvent

Water dissolves many substances because it’s polar.

Density of ice

Ice is less dense than liquid water because hydrogen bonds spread molecules apart.

Covalent bond

Atoms share electrons.

Ionic bond

One atom gives electrons

creates charged ions.

Monomer

Small building block that makes up polymers.

Polymer

Large molecule made of repeating monomers.

Dehydration synthesis

Builds polymers by removing water.

Hydrolysis

Breaks polymers by adding water.

Carbohydrate

Quick energy

monomer is monosaccharide (like glucose).

Lipid

Long-term energy

made of fatty acids and glycerol.

Protein

Used for structure and enzymes

monomer is amino acid.

Nucleic acid

Stores genetic information

made of nucleotides (DNA/RNA).

Simple carbohydrate

Quick short-term energy

sugars.

Complex carbohydrate

Long-lasting energy

starches.

pH scale

Measures acidity or basicity

7 is neutral.

CHONPS

Elements found in living things: Carbon

Capillary action

Water rises in narrow tubes due to cohesion and adhesion.

Temperature moderation

Water absorbs/releases heat slowly

Solubility

Polar substances dissolve best in water.

Electron sharing

In covalent bonds

Food label basics

Carbs = energy