Psychology Approaches - KO Full

Wundt 1879

Who opened the first lab dedicated to psychological enquiry?

Introspection

What was the first systematic experimental attempt to study the mind by breaking up conscious awareness into basic structures of thoughts, images and sensations?

Freud

Who was instrumental in establishing the psychodynamic approach?

Behaviourism

Watson and Skinner helped developed which psychological approach?

Rogers and Masiow

Who developed the humanistic approach?

Cognitive approach

What approach uses a computer as a metaphor for the human mind?

Social Learning Theory

Bandura proposed which approach?

Philosophy

What does psychology have its roots in?

Classical conditioning

Pavlov demonstrated that through association, a neutral stimulus can come to elicit a new learned response, known as..

Operant conditioning

What form of learning did Skinner suggest, whereby behaviour is shaped and maintained by its consequences?

Reinforcement

What term describes a consequence of behaviour that increases the likelihood of that behaviour being repeated?

Positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement and punishment

According to operant conditioning, what are the 3 types of consequences of behaviour?

Bandura

Who developed the Social Learning Theory?

Observation and imitation

Social Learning Theory proposes that people learn through what?

Vicarious reinforcement

What term refers to reinforcement that is not directly experienced but occurs through observing someone else being reinforced for that behaviour?

Modelling

what process refers to when people are more likely to imitate the behaviour of those they identify as role models?

Bandura et al 1961

What study support the Social Learning Theory by demonstrating imitation in children?

Internal mental processes

What term refers to the private operations of the mind such as perception and attention?

Schema

What term refers to the mental framework of beliefs and expectations that influence cognitive processing and are developed from experience?

Inference

Name the processes by which psychologists draw conclusions about the way mental processes operate based on observed behaviour

Theoretical models

The cognitive approach studies internal processes through the use of what?

Information processing approach

What approach suggests that information flows through the cognitive system in a sequences of stages including input, storage and retrieval?

Biological approach

What approach emphasises the important of physiological processes in the body?

Genotype

What term refers to the particular set of genes a person possesses?

Phenotype

What term describes the characteristics of an individual, determined by both genes and the environment?

Natural selection

Darwin proposed what theory to explain the evolution of animals and plants?

Unconscious

What term describes the part of the mind that we are unaware of but can still direct our behaviour?

Id, ego, superego

What makes up the tripartite structure of personality?

Psychosexual stages

Name the group of developmental states that all children pass through, according to Freud

Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital

What are the 5 psychosexual stages?

Free will

What term describes the notion that humans can make choices and are not determine by biological or external forces?

Self-actualisation

What term describes a desire to grow psychologically and fulfil ones full potential

Masiow

Who developed the hierarchy of needs?

Congruence

What is the aim of Rogerian therapy, when the self and the ideal self are broadly equivalent?

Conditions of worth

What are boundaries or limits set by parents on their love for their child?