Studied by 2 people
Wundt 1879
Who opened the first lab dedicated to psychological enquiry?
Introspection
What was the first systematic experimental attempt to study the mind by breaking up conscious awareness into basic structures of thoughts, images and sensations?
Freud
Who was instrumental in establishing the psychodynamic approach?
Behaviourism
Watson and Skinner helped developed which psychological approach?
Rogers and Masiow
Who developed the humanistic approach?
Cognitive approach
What approach uses a computer as a metaphor for the human mind?
Social Learning Theory
Bandura proposed which approach?
Philosophy
What does psychology have its roots in?
Classical conditioning
Pavlov demonstrated that through association, a neutral stimulus can come to elicit a new learned response, known as..
Operant conditioning
What form of learning did Skinner suggest, whereby behaviour is shaped and maintained by its consequences?
Reinforcement
What term describes a consequence of behaviour that increases the likelihood of that behaviour being repeated?
Positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement and punishment
According to operant conditioning, what are the 3 types of consequences of behaviour?
Bandura
Who developed the Social Learning Theory?
Observation and imitation
Social Learning Theory proposes that people learn through what?
Vicarious reinforcement
What term refers to reinforcement that is not directly experienced but occurs through observing someone else being reinforced for that behaviour?
Modelling
what process refers to when people are more likely to imitate the behaviour of those they identify as role models?
Bandura et al 1961
What study support the Social Learning Theory by demonstrating imitation in children?
Internal mental processes
What term refers to the private operations of the mind such as perception and attention?
Schema
What term refers to the mental framework of beliefs and expectations that influence cognitive processing and are developed from experience?
Inference
Name the processes by which psychologists draw conclusions about the way mental processes operate based on observed behaviour
Theoretical models
The cognitive approach studies internal processes through the use of what?
Information processing approach
What approach suggests that information flows through the cognitive system in a sequences of stages including input, storage and retrieval?
Biological approach
What approach emphasises the important of physiological processes in the body?
Genotype
What term refers to the particular set of genes a person possesses?
Phenotype
What term describes the characteristics of an individual, determined by both genes and the environment?
Natural selection
Darwin proposed what theory to explain the evolution of animals and plants?
Unconscious
What term describes the part of the mind that we are unaware of but can still direct our behaviour?
Id, ego, superego
What makes up the tripartite structure of personality?
Psychosexual stages
Name the group of developmental states that all children pass through, according to Freud
Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
What are the 5 psychosexual stages?
Free will
What term describes the notion that humans can make choices and are not determine by biological or external forces?
Self-actualisation
What term describes a desire to grow psychologically and fulfil ones full potential
Masiow
Who developed the hierarchy of needs?
Congruence
What is the aim of Rogerian therapy, when the self and the ideal self are broadly equivalent?
Conditions of worth
What are boundaries or limits set by parents on their love for their child?
Note
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