5 - the growth of highway robbery 1700-1900 (18th and 19th centuries)

History

What was highway robbery?

A crime where robbers, often on horseback, attacked travelers on roads, stealing money and valuables.

What were robbers who attacked pedestrians called?

Footpads.

What was the difference between highwaymen and footpads?

Highwaymen were on horseback, while footpads robbed people on foot.

How did highwaymen operate?

They held up coaches and riders, often working in pairs and carrying weapons.

Name a famous highwayman who was glamorized by newspapers.

Dick Turpin.

Where did most highway robberies occur?

On roads leading to London, especially Hounslow Heath.

Why did highway robbery decline by the late 18th century? (Reason 1)

Roads became busier, making it harder for robbers to operate.

Why did highway robbery decline by the late 18th century? (Reason 2)

Banknotes had to be cashed in and could be traced, reducing their usefulness to robbers.

What measure was introduced in London in 1805 to tackle highway robbery?

A horse patrol was set up to guard the main roads.

How did urban development contribute to the decline of highway robbery?

More buildings made it harder for robbers to hide and escape.

How did turnpike roads help reduce highway robbery?

Manned tollgates increased security and made it harder for robbers to escape.

How did Justices of the Peace (JPs) help reduce highway robbery?

They refused to license taverns (pubs) that provided shelter for highwaymen.