Class 12: Motivation

Motivation

Psychological processes directing goal-directed behavior.

Why is motivation important?

its why you show up, engage, and do extra.

What are the four perspectives on motivation?

- Content

- Process

- Job design

- Reinforcement

Reinforcement

Using consequences to modify behavior.

what theory presents content perspective on employee motivation?

Maslow's Theory

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Theory categorizing human needs from basic to complex.

What perspectives are in Maslow's Theory ((1)Bottom to (5)top)

- Physiological

- Safety

- Love

- Esteem

- Self-Actualization

Physiological need in Maslow's theory

The most basic human need.

Ex: Food, clothing, shelter, comfort

Safety need in Maslow's theory

Need for physical safety, emotional security, avoidance of violence.

Ex: health insurance, job security

Love need in Maslow's theory

Need for love, friendship, and affection

Ex: office parties, company softball teams, management retreats.

Esteem need in Maslow's theory

Need for self- respect, status, reputation, recognition, self-confidence

Ex: bonuses, promotions, awards

What theory presents content perspectives?

McClellan Acquired needs theory

What are the 3 needs in McClellan Acquired needs Theory?

1. Need for achievement: "I need to excel at tasks"

2. Need for affiliation: "I need close relationships"

3. Need for power: " I need to control others"

What theory presents process perspectives?

Expectancy theory

Expectancy Theory

Motivation based on expected outcomes of actions.

What perspectives are in Expectancy theory?

- effort

- expectancy

- performance

- Instrumentality

- Outcomes

- Valence

What theory presents process perspectives?

Goal-setting Theory

Goal-Setting Theory

Motivation through establishing specific, challenging goals.

What are the 2 types of goal orientations?

- Learning goal orientation

- Performance goal orientation

Learning Goal Orientation

Focus on acquiring new skills through goals.

Performance Goal Orientation

Focus on demonstrating existing competencies.

What theory presents fitting jobs to people?

Job design Theory

Job Enlargement

Adding variety to a job's tasks.

- Making the job larger

- Similar

Job Enrichment

Increasing responsibility in a job role.

- Making the job richer

- Different

What theory presents the job characteristics model?

Job design Theory

What characteristics are in the Job Design Theory

- Skill Variety

- Task Identity

- Task Significance

- Autonomy

- Feedback

Skill Variety

A job that requires different abilities

"how many different skills does your job require?"

Task Identity

Job requires all tasks from beginning to end

"How many different tasks are required to complete the work?"

Task Significance

Job affects lives of other people (Inside or outside the organization)

" How many other people are affected by your job?"

Autonomy

Job allows employee to make choices

"How much discretion does your job give you?"

Feedback

Workers receive clear, direct information about how they are performing.

"How much do you find our how well you're doing?"

What are the 4 reinforcement perspectives?

- Positive reinforcement

- Negative reinforcement

- Extinction

- Punishment

Positive Reinforcement

AKA: positive strengthening.

Giving something good because they did something good.

This counts as "Good behavior."

Negative Reinforcement

AKA: Negative strengthening.

Taking away something bad.

This counts as "Good behavior."

Extinction

Weakening behavior by removing positive outcomes.

This counts as a "Bad behavior"

Punishment

Weakening behavior by introducing negative consequences.

This counts as a "Bad behavior"

what are the 2 good behaviors?

- Positive reinforcement

- Negative reinforcement

What are the 2 bad behaviors?

- Extinction

- Punishment

what thing is not necessarily the best motivator

Money

What are the 4 motivators?

- need for Work - life balance

- need for personal growth

- need for a positive work environment

- need for meaningful work