Quiz 1 Review Anatomy

anatomist

an expert in anatomy; a dissector

physiologist

a biologist who deals with the functions and vital processes of living organisms (organs, systems, etc.)

What are the the levels of organization from smallest to largest?

atoms, molecules, organelles, cells, tissue, organs, organ systems, organism.

What is homeostasis and why is it important?

regulation and maintenance of constant internal conditions in an organism.

Because vital chemical reactions can take place only within a limited range of conditions

Examples of homeostatic mechanisms

* The maintenance of body temperature
* Blood glucose levels
* Blood sodium levels
* Blood pressure

What organs are contained in the abdominopelvic cavity?

organs involved with digestions, absorption of nutrients, and excretion of waste.

What organs are contained in the thoracic cavity?

heart, lungs, esophagus

What cavities are the lungs located in?

pleural cavity, thoracic cavity, and ventral cavity

What cavities are the spinal cord located in?

dorsal cavity, vertebral canal

What is the dorsal cavity?

includes the cranial and spinal cavities.

What is the ventral cavity?

thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity

sagittal plane (midline)

divides body into left and right

transverse plane (horizontal)

horizontal division of the body into upper and lower portions

frontal plane (coronal plane)

Divides the body into front and back portions.

What are the upper three regions of the abdomen in order while in anatomical position?

Right Hypochondriac, Epigastric, and Left Hypochondriac Regions

What are the middle three regions of the abdomen in order while in anatomical position?

Right lumbar, Umbilical, and Left Lumbar Regions

What are the lower three regions of the abdomen in order while in anatomical position?

Right Inguinal, Hypogastric, and Left Inguinal Regions

Superior

Higher on the body, nearer to the head

Inferior

Lower on the body, farther from the head

Anterior (ventral)

front of the body

Posterior (dorsal)

back of body

Medial

toward the midline

Lateral

away from the midline

Ipsilateral

on the same side of the body

Contralateral

on the opposite side of the body

Proximal

Closer to the point of attachment

Distal

farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

integumentary system functions

protects against environmental hazards, helps regulate body temperature, provides sensory information

skeletal system functions

provides support, strength, protection, and mineral/fat storage; blood cells made in bone marrow

circulatory system function

to move oxygen, nutrients, and other molecules in blood throughout the body.

Muscular System

Consists of skeletal muscles, tendons that connect muscles to bones, and ligaments that attach bones together to form joint

nervous system functions

sensory input, integration, motor output

lymphatic system functions

defends against infection and disease, returns tissue fluids to the bloodstream

endocrine system function

Secretes hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and metabolism by body cells

respiratory system function

Bring oxygen to and eliminates carbon dioxide from the blood.

digestive system function

breaks down food, absorbs nutrients, and removes waste

anatomical position

erect, feet forward, arms at side with palms facing forward, head facing forward

positive feedback system

strengthens or reinforces a change in one of the body's controlled conditions

negative feedback system

A reaction that causes a decrease in function in response to some kind of stimulus.

positive feedback system examples

child birth and blood clotting

negative feedback system examples

regulation of blood pressure

negative feedback systems are more common in homeostasis because...

stimulate changes to occur in the opposite direction (reverse a stimulus)

parietal membrane

membrane that lines the wall of a cavity

visceral membrane

covers organs

What separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity?

diaphragm

visceral pericardium

covers the surface of the heart

parietal pericardium

lines the pericardial cavity

urinary system

Eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body. Regulates water, electrolyte and acid-base balance of the blood.

What imaging technique is used to identify tumors in the body?

MRI

What imaging technique is used to provide an image of internal structures like bones?

X-Ray

CT Scans (Computed Tomography)

is a noninvasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays in order to reveal minute details about structures in the body

Sonography (Ultrasound)

use of sound waves to produce diagnostic images; also called ultrasound

radionuclide scanning

The procedure of making an image by tracking the distribution of radioactive substance in the body.

PET scan (positron emission tomography)

a visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task

What system is responsible for making red blood cells?

skeletal system (bone marrow)

Memorize steps from slide 22 on Powerpoint

Steps of negative feedback system of blood pressure regulation

memorize steps of slide 24 on PPT

steps of positive feedback system of child birth

What is an example of a positive feedback loop?

childbirth, blood clotting

What are examples of a negative feedback loop?

regulation of blood glucose levels, maintenance of normal body temp

Cranial

Skull

Cervical

Neck

Cubital

Elbow

Carpal

Wrist

Patellar

Front of knee

Orbital

Eye

Thoracic

Chest

Inguinal

Groin

Metacarpal

Hand/Palm

Plantar

Sole of foot

Buccal

Cheek

Axillary

Armpit

Femoral

Thigh

Gluteal

Buttock

Tarsal

Ankle

Digital

Toes

Phalangeal

Fingers

Sagittal

Midline

Transverse

Horizontal

Frontal

coronal