HW Bush to Biden

Micheal Dukakis

American politician and lawyer, former governor of Massachusetts who was the Democratic Party's nominee for president in 1988, against W. Bush

Dan Quayle

Republican vice-presidential nominee in the 1988 election; ridiculed for factual and linguistic mistakes; George H. Bush's running mate in 1988 and 1992 , who had a hard time spelling "potato"

"Read my lips - no new taxes"

A promise that Bush made in his convention speech, but later broke.

Tiananmen Square

Site in Beijing where Chinese students and workers gathered to demand greater political openness in 1989. The demonstration was crushed by Chinese military with great loss of life.

Breakup of Soviet Union 1990

- Tried to overthrow Gorbachev

- he resigned

- supported Yeltsin (pres of Russia)

- Commowealth of Independent States

Boris Yeltsin

President of the Russian Republic in 1991. Helped end the USSR and force Gorbachev to resign.

START I

The United States and the Soviet Union signed this treaty in July 1991 which called for a reduction in the number of long-range nuclear warheads and bombs held by each country by about one-third over a period of seven years.

START II

Strategic Arms Reduction Talks, 1993-94 between USA and Russia to reduce the active deployment of ICBMs

Manuel Noriega

Panama leader who was overthrown in a 1989 US invasion; Tried and imprisoned for drug trafficking

Invasion of Panama

1989. President Bush sent troops to overthrow General Manuel Noriega, who refused to yield power when his figurehead of a candidate was defeated in a national election. Noriega was under indictment in United States for drug trafficking.

Persian Gulf War

(1990 - 1991) Conflict between Iraq and a coalition of countries led by the United States to remove Iraqi forces from Kuwait which they had invaded in hopes of controlling their oil supply. A very one sided war with the United States' coalition emerging victorious.

Saddam Hussein

Was a dictator in Iraq who tried to take over Iran and Kuwait violently in order to gain the land and the resources. He also refused to let the UN into Iraq in order to check if the country was secretly holding weapons of mass destruction.

Kuwait

Iraq invaded this country because it was oil rich. U.N. & US helped during Operation Desert Storm.

Operation Desert Storm

1991 American-led attack on Iraqi forces after Iraq refused to withdraw its troops from Kuwait

- 100 hour war

- 4 days

Norman Schwarzkopf

Commander of US Central Command in the Gulf War; Commander of the coalition forces. Led operation "Desert Storm"

Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

A law passed in 1990 that requires employers and public facilities to make "reasonable accommodations" for people with disabilities and prohibits discrimination against these individuals in employment.

Rodney King

Beaten by police in 1991, case causes uproar because police are acquitted. Starts 1992 L.A Riots

La Riots

A brief account of the six days of rioting which set Los Angeles aflame following the acquittal of four police officers who were filmed beating black motorist Rodney King.

Exxon Valdez

Oil tanker that crashed in March 1989, considered largest U. S. oil spill, emptied 35,000 tons of oil into Prince William Sound

(Alaska)

27th Amendment

Limits the power of Congress to increase its own salaries

William Jefferson Clinton

Democratic president (1993-2001) whose two-term presidency witnessed rapid economic growth but also a sexual scandal that fueled an impeachment effort, which he survived.

Ross Perot

Texas billionaire and third party candidate of the 1990s who effected two presidential elections

Albert Gore

Clinton's vice president who won popular vote but lost electoral vote in 2000 presidential election

Filibuster

the use of long speeches to prevent the vote on a bill

Brady Handgun Bill (Brady Bill)

law that requires background checks for firearm purchases in the United States

- by Clinton

NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement)

An agreement for free trade between the United States and Canada and Mexico

Newt Gingrich

Representative from Georgia who led the "Contract with America" and eventually became the Speaker of the House; he and Clinton battled many times while he demanded tax cuts and a balancing of the budget

Contract with America

Republican plan headed by Newt Gingrich that focused on scaling back the government, balancing the budget, and cutting taxes

Monica Lewinsky

1990s; had affair with Clinton who denied it under oath, but there was physical evidence; he was impeached for perjury and his resulting political battles kept him from being productive in his final term paving way for the seemingly moral Bush in 2000

1993 World Trade Center Bombing

February 26,1993. Truck bomb detonated beneath North Tower. Killed 6 people injured 1042.

Oklahoma City Bombing

Bombing of Murrah Federal Building. The blast, set off by Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols, killed 168 people, including 19 children in the building's day-care center.

Timothy McVeigh

Blew up the Murrah Building in Oklahoma City in April, 1995, killing 168 people.

Columbine

In 1999, two students in Littleton, Colorado, brought weapons to school and killed 12 students and wounded many others before killing themselves. The tragedy was one of seven such shootings in the US that year, and led to changes in gun control, school safety measures, and the monitoring of media violence. Shows how one case study can have powerful, unnecessary and dangerous effects.

Matthew Sheppard

Hate crime; beaten to death because he was a homosexual

Kyoto Protocol

(2005) controlling global warming by setting greenhouse gas emissions targets for developed countries

Condoleezza Rice

First female African American Secretary of State

Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA)

U.S act that provides employees with up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave to care for family members or because of a serious health condition of the employee.

Bob Dole

Senator from Kansas; challenged Clinton for presidency in 1996

Whitewater

A series of scandals during the Clinton Administration that stemmed from a failed real estate investment from which the Clintons were alleged to have illicitly profited. The accusations prompted the appointment of a special federal prosecutor, though no indictments.

Clinton Impeachment

Impeached for purjury about Monica Lewinsky. Tried and acquitted by the Senate.

Madeleine Albright

first woman to become United States Secretary of State. She was nominated by President Bill Clinton on December 5, 1996 and was unanimously confirmed by the United States Senate 99-0. She was sworn in on January 23, 1997.

Janet Reno

first female attorney general

Somalia, 1993

Clinton dispatched American troops as part of a peacekeeping mission to Somalia and reinforced the U.S. contingent after Somali rebels killed more than a dozen Americans in late 1993. But in March 1994, the president quietly withdrew the American units, without having accomplished any clearly defined goal.

Yugoslavia

A country in the Balkans that broke apart in the 1990s amid ethnic conflicts. The U.S. and NATO intervened to stop ethnic cleansing by Slobodan Milosevic in Kosovo and Bosnia.

South Africa

Nelson Mandela - 1st elected president

- was sent to prison b4 b/c conspire to overthrow govt

Vladimir Putin

elected president of Russia in 2000, launched reforms aimed at boosting growth and budget revenues and keeping Russia on a strong economic track.

Slobodan Milosevic

he became the leader of Yugoslavia in 1987 and then waged a war against both Croatia and Bosnia during the 1990s - this conflict also marked the first direct military action waged by NATO

Ethnic Cleansing

Process in which more powerful ethnic group forcibly removes a less powerful one in order to create an ethnically homogeneous region

Globalization

the process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale.

Nuclear Proliferation

the spread of nuclear weapons

WTO (World Trade Organization)

the only international body dealing with the rules of trade between nations

World Bank

A specialized agency of the United Nations that makes loans to countries for economic development, trade promotion, and debt consolidation. Its formal name is the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development.

European Union (EU)

the world's largest common market, composed of 28 European nations

Group of Seven (G-7)/Group of Eight (G-8)

Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom, and United States

- G-8 + Russia

Election of 2000/Bush v. Gore

-Al Gore: former vice president to Reagan, Democrat, champion of working families

-George W. Bush

-Election result came down to Florida

=Democrats ask for manual recount

=Supreme Court Bush v. Gore, rules that they cannot recount.

=>Bush wins

No Child Left Behind

Holds states, schools, and school districts more accountable for their standardized tests scores. The wanted outcome was better tests scores all around and overall a smarter and better population of young people that would positively contribute to a growing America.

Enron

In November 2001 Enron, the United States' seventh largest corporation, issued a statement drastically revising its stated profits over the past three years.

- Within a month, the company was forced to declare bankruptcy—the largest bankruptcy in business history—and numerous charges surfaced that the company had engaged in a repeated pattern of un-ethical and perhaps illegal practices.

- Enron's executives also faced potential criminal charges for their roles in the scandal.

1998 - Kenya/Tanzania embassy bombing

On August 7, 1998, at 10:30 am, truck bombs exploded at U.S. embassies in Kenya and Tanzania, killing more than 200 people and wounding more than 4,000. The attacks were later linked to the terrorist group al-Qaeda

September 11, 2001

The date of major terrorist attacks on the United States (NY, PA, and VA)

Axis of Evil

Created in 2002 by George W. Bush to show the "bad guys" which include: Iran, Iraq, and N. Korea

General Colin Powell

military leader in command of Desert Storm (Persian Gulf War)

Osama bin Laden

(1957-) Founder of al Qaeda, the terrorist network responsible for the attacks of September 11, 2001, and other attacks.

Al Qaeda

Islamist terrorist organization that launched a series of attacks against U.S.

Taliban

Islamist terrorist organization that launched a series of attacks against U.S.

War on Terror

Initiated by President George W. Bush after the attacks of September 11, 2001, the broadly defined war on terror aimed to weed out terrorist operatives and their supporters throughout the world.

USS Cole

A destroyer that was attacked by Al-Qaeda suicide bombers in Aden.

USA Patriot Act

law passed due to 9/11 attacks; sought to prevent further terrorist attacks by allowing greater government access to electronic communications and other information; criticized by some as violating civil liberties

War in Afghanistan

Launched in response to the September 11th attacks, this war sought to capture Osama bin Laden and remove the Taliban as leaders of the country.

Department of Homeland Security

US federal agency created in 2002 to coordinate national efforts against terrorism

Iraq War

War in which US successfully took down a dominating dictator and is currently helping them "get back on their feet".

Election of 2004

Bush was reelected against John Kerry. Bush made the war on terror the centerpeice of the election while also energizing his conservative base by invoking traditional religious values

Election of 2008

Barack Obama vs. John McCain. 365 electoral votes to Obama, 173 electoral votes to McCain

Election of 2012

Obama vs Romney; 303 votes for Obama and 206 for Romney.

Election of 2016

Presidential election in which businessman Republican Donald Trump defeated the first female presidential nominee of a major political party, Democrat Hillary Clinton, despite losing the popular vote by almost 3 million; Republicans gained control over all of the electoral federal government for the first time since the Bush Presidency of 2003 to 2007

Central Debate: The economy and foreign affairs

FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency)

Agency charged with providing assistance to communities hit by natural disasters

Abu Ghraib

One of Saddam's most notorious prisons for dissenters; when Americans took over, it became notorious for a place of torment and humiliation for detainees

Hurricane Katrina

Considered to be the one crisis of the Bush administrations second term and in is inefficiency to deal with the crisis. It destroyed 80% of New Orleans and more than 1300 people died, while the damages were $150 billion.

Housing Bubble

A rapid increase in the value of houses followed in a sharp decline in their value

Economic Stabilization Act of 2008

The practice of stabilizing the economy, primarily by the federal government

Real Estate Collapse

A major financial crisis that led to the Great Recession. The crisis was caused by a housing bubble that burst due to high interest rates, predatory lending, and a lack of regulatory oversight.

Hillary Clinton

The First Lady appointed to bring national attention to health care reform.

Barack Obama

2008; Democrat; first African American president of the US, health care bill; Gulf of Mexico oil spill disaster; economy: huge stimulus package to combat the great recession, is removing troops from Iraq, strengthened numbers in Afghanistan; repeal of Don't Ask Don't Tell; New Start treaty with Russia

John McCain

This Republican senator was a prisoner of war during the Vietnam War and is seeking the Republican nomination in the 2008 presidential election

Sarah Palin

1st Female Republican Vice Presidential Candidate, McCain's running mate

growth of technology

mobile tech, social media, FANGs, etc

American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009

Congress authorized a tax credit of up to $8,000 for qualified first-time home buyers purchasing homes on or after January 1, 2009 and before December 1, 2009.

"Obamacare"

Requires all US citizens to have healthcare and requires those who do not to pay a penalty.

Donald Trump

45th President

- won election of 2016

- wanted immigration wall b/w mexico

- impeachment

- didn't support environment

- vanishing center

Joesph Biden

- covid-19

- affordable care act

- climate change

- american rescue plan