Unit 1 and 2 - Movement Analysis and Review

1 - review, 2 - movement analysis

Osteokinematics vs arthrokinematics

Osteokinematics is describing motions like flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, etc.

Arthrokinematics describes articulations of rolling, sliding, gliding

Planar synovial joints:

1. describe the joint

2. Motion/DoF

1. Flat articulation

2. Translations (sliding and gliding), 1 DoF

Hinge synovial joint:

1. describe the joint

2. Motion/DoF

1. concave/convex

2. 1 DoF

Pivot synovial joint:

1. describe the joint

2. Motion/DoF

1. sleeve

2. 1 DoF

Condyloid synovial joint:

1. describe the joint

2. Motion/DoF

1. oval

2. 2 DoF

Saddle synovial joint:

1. describe the joint

2. Motion/DoF

1. unique shape

2. 2 DoF

ball-and-socket synovial joint:

1. describe the joint

2. Motion/DoF

1. cup like

2. 3 DoF

Qualitative analysis vs quantitative analysis

qual: descriptive, describes qualities

quant: numeric and graphical

Chunking movement definition

breaking down motion into phases based on criteria

1. possible criteria for chunking movements + their definitions

2. what are the three distinct phase in most motions in sports?

1.

A. Critical events: chunking walking using heel strike as phase 1 and toe-off as phase 2

B. Maximum joint angle (see image for example. blue = max joint angle ex and underlined in purple = critical event ex)

2, preparation → execution → follow through

When chunking it is important to consider that certain ___ can make or break the ___ of a motion

phases, success

(think of olympic lifting example from class)

When doing qualitative analysis:

1. What type of material would you most likely be looking at?

2. What are the main considerations?

1. Viewing a video and describing the motions

2. 
   - View (sagittal, frontal, etc.
   - goal of analysis
   - clothing/background
   - equipmen
   - context (practice vs. competition)

qualitative analysis

True or false:

1. Lighting is not important in a video

2. The background being non-cluttered is best for seeing participant

3. It is okay if the subject goes out of frame a bit

4. Wearing baggy clothing is okay in some cases

Fill in the blank:

1. Camera should be at ____ level

2. Clothes should be _____ fitting and ____ over joints

T/F

1. F

2. T

3. F

4. F

Fill in the blank

1. waist

2. tight, minimal

Maximal vs submaximal

1. definitions

2. what is something you would use maximal effort for and why?

3. what is something you would use submaximal effort for and why?

1. maximal is all your effort
   submaximal is not using all your effort (accuracy)

2. vertical jump would be maximal because you want to see how high you can possibly jump by using all your effort

3. figure skaters spinning would be submaximal because they may be able to do 5.25 spins max but that would throw off their routine/direction, so they need to measure effort and operate submaximally to only do 4 spins

True or false:

1. focus of analysis in biomechanics can be whole body OR joint specific

1. true

fundamental biomechanical principals of movement:

Squat

1. explain a squat in terms for fundamental movement

2. what plane is it in?

3. what is an example of a squat motion that is used ever day

1. going down to the ground and bending your legs

2. sagittal plane

3. lifting something up from the ground

fundamental biomechanical principals of movement:

Lunge

1. how is it different than a squat

1. legs are staggered and both have to be on the ground

fundamental biomechanical principals of movement:

twist

1. describe

2. plane

1. axial rotation of trunk

2. transverse

fundamental biomechanical principals of movement:

Push/Pull

1. Describe the motions, what joints are moving?

2. Push would be ____

3. Pull would be ___

1. flexion/extension of elbow and shoulder

2. throwing

3. moving object towards body (?)

fundamental biomechanical principals of movement

gait

1. list 3 examples

2. True or false: crawling is NOT an example of gait

3. True or false: any locomotion is gait

1. walking, running, carrying

2. false, it is — hand in front of feet

3. true (only mentioned during online lecture)

fundamental biomechanical principals of movement

maintaining balance

1. describe

2. true or false: it is not needed for most motions

1. center of mass is above base of support

2. FALSE present in most

List the fundamental biomechanical principals of movement

1. Squat/Lift

2. Lunge

3. Twist

4. Push/Pull

5. Gait (carry, walk, run)

6. Maintaining balance

what fundamental movement is this?

twist

what fundamental movement is this?

squat

what fundamental movement is this?

maintain balance

what fundamental movement is this?

gait

what fundamental movement is this?

twist

what fundamental movement is this?

lunge

what fundamental movement is this? (guy in blue)

maintain balance

(could also be pull I THINK)

what fundamental movement is this?

lunge

what fundamental movement is this?

push

what fundamental movement is this?

gait

1. Why is gait important?

2. Kinematics of gait

1. It is the window to the brain, we can see a lot about injury recovery through it

2. hip flexion/extension, knee flexion/extension, ankle dorsi/plantar flexion

example of kinematics in engineering

waymo knowing where people are going to walk

true or false: we can use linear kinematics to see if someone’s hip is tighter than the other

if true describe how that would look

true

kinematics is video, we can look at their max joint angle to describe them being 40% flexed in one hip compared to the other

Foot drop:

1. Foot drop is decreased ____ and seen mostly in _____

2. Muscle that is responsible for it

3. Foot drop is assessed using ____ (kinematics or kinetics)

1. dorsiflexion, stroke patients

2. Tibialis anterior

3. kinematics

How would you use kinematics to assess ACL injury

angle of knee flexion (bc ACL injury reduces it)

other stuff from his random kinematics slides that i dont think we have access to

no clue good luck

in comparison to kinematics, kinetics is good for assessing what?

athletic capacity and fatigue

joint motions from 7-8

push, twist

discuss

discuss

GH extension when?

all throughout the exercise

discuss