Grade 6 Science Lessons & Formulas Reviewer

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering atomic models, kinetic molecular theory, SI base units, solutions, concentration formulas, acids and bases, and microscope objective lenses based on Grade 6 science lessons.

John Dalton (1803)

Scientist who proposed the Solid Sphere Model of the atom.

J.J. Thomson (1906)

Scientist who proposed the Plum Pudding Model of the atom.

Ernest Rutherford (1911)

Scientist who proposed the Nuclear Model of the atom.

Niels Bohr (1913)

Scientist who proposed the Planetary Model of the atom.

Erwin Schrödinger (1936)

Scientist who proposed the Quantum Mechanical Model of the atom.

Solid

State of matter characterized by tightly packed particles.

Liquid

State of matter where particles move and slide past each other.

Gas

State of matter where particles move freely.

Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT)

Theory stating that matter is composed of tiny particles in constant motion; particle speed depends on temperature; particles spread out to fill space; and collisions are elastic (total energy stays constant).

Kinetic Energy

Total energy of particles due to motion (Higher Kinetic Energy = Faster Movement; Lower Kinetic Energy = Slower Movement).

Temperature

Average kinetic energy of particles.

Velocity

Speed of particle movement.

Attraction

Force pulling particles together.

Scientific Investigation

Step-by-step process used to answer questions about the world.

Aim

The question to answer in a scientific investigation, which must be clear/specific, answerable by experiment, and measurable.

Materials/Equipment

Tools and supplies in an experiment evaluated for adequacy, safety, and availability.

Method/Procedure

Plan of action in an experiment that must be clear, sequential, and repeatable.

Data & Results

Observable information and measurements presented in tables, charts, or graphs.

Conclusion

Evidence-based explanation that supports or rejects the hypothesis.

SI Units (International System of Units)

Standardized, precise, and consistent worldwide measurement system.

Meter (m)

SI base unit for measuring length.

Kilogram (kg)

SI base unit for measuring mass.

Second (s)

SI base unit for measuring time.

Ampere (A)

SI base unit for measuring electric current.

Kelvin (K)

SI base unit for measuring temperature.

Mole (mol)

SI base unit for measuring amount of substance / particles.

Candela (cd)

SI base unit for measuring luminous intensity / brightness.

Solution

Uniformly dissolved single-phase mixture that cannot be separated manually by filtration.

Solute

Substance being dissolved in a solution.

Solvent

Substance dissolving the solute in a solution.

Homogeneous Mixture

Combination with uniform composition throughout.

Heterogeneous Mixture

Combination with non-uniform composition.

Melting

Process involving 1 substance changing phase via heat.

Dissolving

Process involving 2 substances forming a solution.

Factors Affecting Dissolving

Temperature, Agitation/Stirring, Particle size, and Nature of solute and solvent.

Unsaturated Solution

Solution in which the solvent can dissolve more solute.

Saturated Solution

Solution in which the solvent cannot dissolve any more solute.

Supersaturated Solution

Solution holding more solute than normal capacity, where extra solute forms crystals.

Percent by Mass

Concentration formula: $\text{Percent by Mass} = \left(\frac{\text{Mass of Solute}}{\text{Mass of Solution}}\right) \times 100\%$

Percent by Volume

Concentration formula: $\text{Percent by Volume} = \left(\frac{\text{Volume of Solute}}{\text{Volume of Solution}}\right) \times 100\%$

Acids

Substances that taste sour, are sticky, produce $H^+$ ions in aqueous solutions, corrode metals/stones, turn litmus paper RED, and conduct electricity.

Bases

Substances that taste bitter, are slippery, produce $OH^-$ (hydroxide) ions, break down oils/grease, turn litmus paper BLUE, and conduct electricity.

Neutralization Process

Chemical reaction process represented by: $\text{Acid} + \text{Base} \rightarrow \text{Water} + \text{Salt}$ ($H^+ + OH^- \rightarrow H_2O$).

pH Scale (Power/Potential of Hydrogen)

Scale measuring acidity or alkalinity from $1$ to $14$ (Acids: pH $1-6$ | Neutral: pH $7$ | Bases: pH $8-14$).

Scanner Lens

Microscope objective lens with $4\times-5\times$ magnification identified by a Red ring.

Low Power Objective (LPO)

Microscope objective lens with $10\times$ magnification identified by a Yellow ring.

High Power Objective (HPO)

Microscope objective lens with $40\times$ magnification identified by a Blue ring.

Oil Immersion Lens (OIL)

Microscope objective lens with $100\times$ magnification identified by a White ring.