Unit 7 Renaissance & Reformation
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83 Terms
What did the Renaissance focus on?
Humanism
What were the innovations of the Renaissance? (3)
Art, literature, and science
What did classical heritage do for Renaissance Italy?
It gave them inspiration
Who was the first mafia family?
The Medici family
Who were the Medicis?
Powerful Florentine Banking family
How did the church attempt to improve their image to the public?
They spent huge amounts of money on art
What did art demonstrate?
The importance of the individual
What types of themes did art portray? (2)
Religious and secular
Leonardo da Vinci is considered the master of...
Master of Symmetry; also considered a true Renaissance Man
What is a Renaissance man?
a man who excelled/ is the best in many fields
Atmospherical
Deep perpective
What type of facial expression did Raphael use in his art?
Serene(calm)
What does Renaissance mean?
rebirth/revival
The Renaissance was the rebirth of what?
The revival of classical(Ancient Rome & Greece) culture
Humanism
Focus on human potential and achievements
The exchange of ideas leads to...
Revolution
What type of colors did Raphael use?
Bold/vivid colors
Raphael was considered a master of...
master of perspective & symmetry
What figures of the School of Athens by Raphael include?
Figures from the ancient world as well as those from the renaissance
Michelangelo was considered a master...
Master sculptor
Michelangelo's art showed expressions of...
Sadness and serenity
Michelangelo's sculptures showed emphasis on... (2)
Human form and anatomical correctness
Michelangelo's sculpture (Creation of Adam) was made for who?
Pope Julius ||
Frescoes
Paintings made on wet plaster walls
How many, and what type of people did Pieter Bruegel paint?
Large numbers of people, peasants
Vernacular
Everyday language of ordinary people (common language)
What did Dante write?
Divine Comedy
What did Dante write in?
The vernacular, Italian. Not Latin
What's another name for William Shakespeare?
The Bard
How many plays and sonnets did Shakespeare write/compose?
37 plays, 154 sonnets
Who was Shakespeare's patroness?
Queen Elizabeth I
Satire
Using exaggeration to make fun of humanity/human behavior
What did Niccolo Machiavelli write?
The Prince (1513), (a political guidebook asking how do rules get power)
What did Niccolo Machiavelli believe? (2)
"The end justifies the means", and that people praise trustworthiness but in the real world one must be misleading to achieve success
Utopia
perfect society; “good place”/“no place”
What influenced Thomas Moore's idea of utopia?
Plato's Republic
The idea of utopia implied the idea of...
Socialism
Socialism
Everyone working together for the pleasure of the whole world
What did Erasmus write?
The Praise of Folly
Who did Erasmus dedicate Praise of Folly for?
Thomas Moore
Thomas Moore and Erasmus are...
Christian humanists
Who made the printing press and when?
Johannes Gutenberg in 1440
Where did the printing press take place?
Mainz, Germany
What was the printing press based on?
Chinese design
When did Gutenberg print the Bible, and what was it called?
1445, Gutenberg Bible
Why was the printing press important?
Books became faster to print, cheaper, and therefore, more accessible to the public
What the was music of the renaissance influenced by?
Humanism
Why was education is music so important?
Because all must have been musically trained in order to compose music correctly
Homophonic
Same sound, one melody being passed around
word painting
Words match with music (happy w/ happy, sad w/ sad)
What were the causes for the criticism of the church? (3)
Popes were corrupt, poorly educated priests, people began to call for reform
Friar
A member of a catholic religious order
Indulgence
Pardon for sins
Martin Luther got into a fight with who in 1517?
Johann Tetzel
Why did Luther get into a fight with Tetzel
Bc Tetzel was selling indulgences
What did Luther do to make the public aware of how wrong indulgences were?
Posted 95 Theses on the cathedral door (cathedral is in center of town)
Reformation
A movement of religious reform away from the authority of the pope
What country did the word of Luther spread to?
Germany
What did Lutheranism imply? (3)
1. People could only win salvation by having faith in God's forgiveness 2. All church teaching should be based solely on the Bible 3. Priests are not needed because all people of faith are equal
Heretic
Speaking out against the church
Who threaten to excommunicate Luther?
People Leo X
Who declared Luther an outlaw?
Holy Roman Emperor Charles V
When Luther was put on trial, what was the verdict?
Not guilty
Who supported Luther?
German princes
Why did German princes support Luther? (4)
Bc they wanted power, churches land, and independence from HREmperor; or they simple believed
Who fought the Protestant princes in 1529, and what was the outcome?
Princes loyal to the pope, HREmperor Charles V won in 1547
What were Henry VII|'s opinions on Luther?
He did not like him
What was Henry V||| named by the church?
Defender of the Faith
Protestant
Catholic religion led by someone that's not the pope
Annulment
A declaration by a church tribunal system that says that a marriage was not valid
Act of Supremacy
Monarch is head of the Church of England. Allowed Henry VIII to be head.
Describe Henry V|||'s situation with Catherine of Aragon
Henry and Catherine married, and had a daughter (Mary). Henry needed a male heir and decided to separate from Catherine bc she gave him a daughter
Who gave Henry V||| his 2nd daughter, Elizabeth?
Anne Boleyn who was beheaded for insect and adulatory that she most likely did not commit
Who gave Henry V||| his 1st son?
Jane Seymour, she died 2 weeks after giving birth
When Elizabeth | becomes queen, what did she do? (2)
Kept aspects of Protestant & Catholic faith, created modern Anglican Church(Church of England)
What did the impacts of the reformation do for the church?
Revived catholic moral authority (strict penalties from corrupt popes, church control interpretation of Bible, education for priests)
Jesuits
To Jesus through education
What was the result of the reformation?
Catholic Church regained followers, but Europe was divided
Who was Henry VIII’s first wife
Catherine of Aragon
Who was Henry VIII’s second wife
Anne Boleyn
Who was Henry VIII’s third wife
Jane Seymour
Northern Renaissance art
best known for realistic oil paintings that often focused on natural observations and linear perspective.
Italian renaissance art
classical styles and ideas (specifically humanism), return to the naturalistic style (3D objects and space), and the rising status of the individual (both artist and patron).