Tables 1.1 Detection of poison

• AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy)

• Reinsch

• Detect heavy metals

Beilstein

• Detects chlorine

• Green flame

Benzoldt Gunning

• Detects Acetone

• Indigotine

Bromine Water

• Detects Aniline

• Flesh-colored 󢛠(tribromoaniline)

Brown Ring

• Detects Nitrite & Nitrate

• + FeSO4 + H2SO4 → brown ring at the interfere

Lieben’s Iodoform

• Methanol (vs Ethanol) −

• Yellow 󢛠(iododform, CHI3)

Marquis’

Common drugs of abuse

• Dark purple/black (Ecstacy)

• Orange to brown (Amphetamine/Methamphetamine)

• Purple/black (Propoxyphene)

• Pink to purple (Heroin/Opiates)

• Red (Aspirin)

Marquis’ detection colors

Marsh

• Detects Arsenic

• Mirror-like ?

NaOCl (Sodium Hypochlorite)

Marsh is soluble in —

• Purple black (Sb)

• Dull black (As)

• Shiny black (Bi)

• Silvery (Hg)

Reinsch color

AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy)

Reinsch need confirmation via —

Rodillon/Millon

• Detects Phenol

• Light to dark red color (mercurous phenate or nitrate phenate)

Modified Duquenois

• Detects Marijuana

• Red color (THC) on TLC

Nessler (Mercuric KI)

• Detects Chloroform (vs Chloral hydrate)

• Yellow 󢛠(Iodoform)

Nylander

• Detects Bismuth

• White 󢛠(bismuth subnitrate)

Phenylisocyanide

• Detects Nitrobenzene

• + chloroform → aniline & phenylisocyanide (irritable odor detected)

Picrate test

• Detects Prussic Acid

• Yellow to brick red 󢛠

Schonbien – Pagenstecher

• Detects Prussic Acid

• Deep blue (guaiac paper)

KI

• Detects Hg

• Orange 󢛬, excess dissolves 󢛠 → orange solution (Valser’s Reagent)

Scherer

• Detects P

• Black 󢛠

MItscherlich

• Detects P

• Phosphorescence

Schwartz’s Resorcinol

• Detects Chloroform

• Yellowish red color with yellowish green fluorescence

Tollen’s

• Detects Reducing substances

• Mirror-like 󢛠(elemental Ag)

Xanthogenate

• Detects CS2

• Release of H2S