Sec 1 Science Chapter 2

Exploring Diversity of Matter by its physical property

what are the states of matter

solid,liquid,gas

properties of solid

HAs a definite shape and volume.

Cannot be compressed

Property of liquid

Has a definite volume but will take up the shape of the container it is kept in

Property of gas

Has no definite shape or volume.

Fills the container it is kept in

Can be compressed

what are the 5 main groups of material

metal,plastic,fabric,fibre,ceramic

what are some physical property of materials

strength, hardness, flexibility, melting point, boiling point, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, malleability, Ductility, density

describe strength

ability to support a heavy load without changing its shape permanently

describe hardness

resistence to wear and tear, ability to scratch another material

describe flexibility

ability to bend without breaking and return to its original shape after bending

describe melting point

the temperature which it changes from solid to liquid

describe boiling point

temperature which substance changes from a liquid to a gas

describe electrical conductivity

how easily electricity can pass through it
called electrical insulators/conductors

describe thermal conductivity

how easily heat can pass through it

called heat insulators/conductors

describe malleability

how easy a material can be beaten into shapes

describe ductility

metals pulled into wires

describe density

mass of the substance per unit volume

how to measure mass

using a ELECTRONIC BALANCE

what is volume

amount of space occupied by matter (m³)

what is the meniscus

it is the curved surface of the liquid
to obtain a correct reading, the eye must be positioned at the same level as the bottom of the meniscus

how to measure volume of small irregular objects

using displacement. Volume of string is negligible
V^1-V²

how to measure volume of large irregular objects

using displacement can. The water flowing out is equal to the volume of the object

some apparatus to measure length

metre ruler,

measuring tape

vernier calipers-0.01 accuracy

what is parallex error

parallex error is an error in measurement due to incorrect position of the eye.

describe vernier calipers

they can measure length in cm with a precision of 0.01 cm.
inside jaws used to measure inner diameter and outside jaws measure diameter of a marble, and the stem measures the length of a test tube/

how to measure area of irregular objects

trace out on grid paper and only count the parts that are more or more than halfthan that of a square

what is temperature

measure of how cold or hot an object is

what is the difference between an oscillation and a period

oscillation is the actual path taken when the pendulum completes one cycle, but a period is the time taken to complete 1 oscillation

what is speed

speed is a measure of how fast something or someone moves

formula for speed

speed=distance/ time

formula for average speed

total distance travelled/ total time taken

what are the rules to significant figuers

0 in between 2 non zero numbers is

0 before any non zero can or no be

what is density

density is the mass of the substance per unit volume

formula for density

mass/volume

why do the iron block and iron ail have the same density

objects made of the same substance hvae the same density

what would happen if a ship sprang a leak and water gushed in

Water would fill up the space occupied by air. water being denser than air will cause the overall density of the ship to increase, causing the water to be dense than water and sink