APUSH Period 1 & 2 MC Test One

What role did Cotton Mather play in the Salem Witch Trials, what were his beliefs concerning witchcraft?

He was one of the judges in the witch trials and he believed that witchcraft was against the word of God

Describe the social, political, and economic aspects of colonial Puritan society.

What did the founders of the Massachusetts Bay colony envision for themselves and those who viewed them?

They wanted to be an example for other colonies of how to get to Heaven.

Describe the tenets of Puritanism.

No tolerance of other religions, strict living by the bible (no entertainment), life centered around church

What impact did Calvinism have on the Puritan faith?

The Puritan faith was based off of Calvinism but it is still it's own denomination.

Describe the long term impacts of Bacon's Rebellion.

There was a transition from indentured servitude to Chattel slavery, since indentured servants could no longer be trusted after what happened in Bacon's Rebellion.

In what region of the British North American colonies were the highest concentration of slaves?

The Southern colonies had the most slaves, because there was a lot of plantations. They needed more slave labor.

List the dominant Native American tribes of North America prior to 1492 and their key attributes.

What allowed the Comanche tribe to dominate the Great Plains region for an extended period of time?

The Comanche tribe was able to domesticate horses brought over by the Spanish.

Describe the encomienda system including both Spanish and Native points of view.

The Native Americans were made slaves by the Spanish, with the justification that their "souls were being saved" by converting them to Catholicism.

What were Spanish colonial goals?

Find gold and spread Christianity

Due to the description of most indigenous peoples of America as "uncivilized", most Europeans felt the need to engage them in what types of activities?

Forcibly convert them into Christians and get them involved in Church. They also used them as slaves

What was the main point of contention amongst Europeans and Native Americans?

land

Describe those who opposed Puritan Church rule in British North America and their reasons for doing such.

royal governors, roger Williams; both wanted separation of church and state; because gov't would have more power over decisions and community would tolerate more religions

In what regions of North America did Native American tribes tend to be the most nomadic and for what reasons?

...great plains because the wild gruffalo were wild

Make a chart of North American geographic regions and which European powers would have directly come into contact with the indigenous peoples there.

Dutch come up from Hudson River Valley and deal with Iriquois Confederation//English come in on Eastern seaboard//

For what specific reasons were French and Dutch colonizers experience with Native Americans tend to be more positive than English and Spanish?

The French and Dutch came to trade with the Native Americans, not to change their beliefs or enslave them.

Describe the differences between indentured servitude and chattel slavery.

Indentured servitude was an agreement a person made to serve another person for a period of time in exchange for passage to the New World. The person would be free after that period was expired. Chattel slavery was slavery for life with no benefit to the individual.

Describe mercantilism.

Mercantilism is the idea that colonies exist only for the economic benefit of the mother country.

Make a timeline of English colonial rule from 1607-1754 labeling periods of salutary neglect and periods of more restrictive English rule.

1607-1650 was the first period of Salutary neglect, 1700-1754 was the next period. In between that, Britain inflicted harsh trading laws so that the colonies were only trading with them on British ships. After this period, salutary neglect returned, but it could never return to the freedom the colonies felt before 1650.

In what specific ways did English colonists resist the Navigation Acts?

Smuggled goods into the colonies, built more ports so the governor would not catch them smuggling.

In what ways, if any did Native American tribes interact?

Fighting each other and occasionally trading out of necessity. The Iroquois even formed a confederation because of their harsh environment.

Describe a confederation.

Multiple groups of people that are loosely connected by mutual benefit.

Religions that were more tolerant tended to have what occur to their colonies?

Huge population growth

Describe the social, economic, political differences between the New England and Southern Colonies.

The New England colonies were based around the church and were small tight-knit communities. Owning land or being wealthy were not originally very important in these colonies. The Southern colonies, on the other hand, were centered around making money. Individuals lived very far apart and most could live their lives self-sufficiently on their plantations.

Describe the different motivations behind founding proprietary and religiously based colonies.

Religious colonies were formed to get rid of the religious separatists, proprietary colonies were formed to generate income for the King.

Discuss the changes that took place circa 1650 concerning the imposition of royal governors upon the British North American colonies.

The King made all of the colonies "royal colonies", and passed the Navigation Acts, which limited the colonies to trade with only the English. This caused drastic change in the New England colonies, the colonists had relied on trading with the French and Spanish for goods, and now had to smuggle them in. Money became more important than church in these colonies, since it was much harder to survive economically.

What were similar results from both Bacon's Rebellion and the Pueblo Revolt?

They both resulted in the oppressive party transitioning to Chattel slavery.

What were the causes of Bacon's Rebellion?

General resentment of the new government, freed indentured servants fighting over land in Virginia, Berkeley failing to protect colonists from Indians.

Discuss the John Locke's theories on government and how they affected the British North American colonies. John Locke's theories were that the government should serve the people, not vice versa.

These theories influenced many intellectuals in the colonies such as George Washington in their view of how the government should be.

Discuss the Middle Passage and Atlantic Slave Trade's impact on the demographics of the British North American colonies

Their population increased, because they keep bringing in more slaves

Discuss an example of resistance to chattel slavery in the British North American colonies.

The Stono Rebellion occurred on September 9th, 1793, where about 20 slaves armed themselves near Charleston, and begun travelling south, killing slave owners and recruiting the slaves they liberated.