A&P1 Module 1.1 and Lab 1.1

What is anatomy?

The study of the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another.

The study of the body's function is called:

Physiology.

What is physiology?

The study of how body parts function and work together.

What is the relationship between anatomy and physiology?

Structure determines function; form supports physiological processes.

What is the principle of complementarity in anatomy and physiology?

A structure's shape, or anatomy, will determine its function, or physiology.

What is gross anatomy?

The study of large, visible structures.

What is microscopic anatomy?

The study of the structures of the human body using a microscope.

What is pathological physiology?

The study of the impact of disease or injury on organs and organ systems.

What is the simplest level of organization?

Chemical level.

What is the highest level of organization in the human body?

Organism level.

What is the basic level of organization listed in the Module 1 study guide?

Chemical level → cellular level → tissue level → organ level → organ system level → organism level.

What is the level of organization listed in the module?

Atoms → molecules → cells → tissues → organs → organ systems → organism.

Which of the following is not the correct organization?

Atoms, cells, molecules. Rationale: Molecules are formed from atoms; cells are formed from molecules.

The chemical level involves looking at what?

Atoms.

Atoms combine to form:

Molecules.

Molecules combine to form:

Cells.

What level of organization includes cells working together?

Tissue level.

What are the four basic tissue types?

Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue.

What is an organ?

Two or more tissues working together.

A structure composed of two or more different tissue types that come together to perform a function is called a(n):

Organ.

Give two examples of organs.

Liver, brain, lungs, etc.

What is an organ system?

A group of interacting organs.

Name two examples of organ systems.

Cardiovascular system and integumentary system.

What is an organism?

An individual life form.

The smallest structural and functional unit of life is the: A. Organelle | B. Atom | C. Cell | D. Tissue

C. Cell

What is the basic unit of life?

Cell.

A cell is what?

The basic unit of life, necessary for the maintenance of tissues, production of molecules and proteins, and energy transfer.

What is the primary focus of Module 1?

Foundations of anatomy, physiology, terminology, and organization.

Which term describes the body in its standard reference position?

Anatomical position.

Describe the anatomical position.

Standing upright, facing forward, arms at sides, palms facing forward.

Why is the anatomical position used as a reference?

It provides consistency in descriptions.

Why are anatomical terms standardized?

To avoid confusion regardless of position.

Anterior

Toward or at the front of the body.

Toward or at the front of the body

Anterior.

Posterior

Toward or at the back of the body.

Toward or at the back of the body

Posterior.

Medial

Toward the midline of the body.

Lateral

Away from the midline of the body.

Proximal

Closer to the point of attachment of a limb to the trunk.

Distal

Farther from the point of attachment of a limb to the trunk.

Superficial

Toward or at the body surface.

Deep

Away from the body surface; more internal.

Toward the head?

Superior, cranial, or cephalic.

The femur is ___ to the skin of the thigh.

Deep.

The skin is ___ to the muscles beneath.

Superficial.

The heart is ___ to the lungs.

Medial.

The thumb is ___ to the pinky.

Lateral.

The elbow is ___ to the wrist.

Proximal.

The shoulder is ___ to the elbow.

Proximal.

The patella is ___ to the femur.

Distal.

The sternum is ___ to the heart.

Superficial.

The ribs are ___ to the lungs.

Superficial.

Which plane divides the body into right and left halves?

Sagittal plane (equal halves = midsagittal).

Which plane divides the body into left and right portions?

C. Sagittal.

The sagittal plane

Divides the body into left and right portions.

Midsagittal

Divides the body into equal left and right halves.

Which plane divides the body into unequal left and right parts?

B. Parasagittal.

Which plane divides the body into anterior and posterior portions?

Frontal/Coronal plane.

The frontal/coronal plane

Divides the body into anterior and posterior portions.

Which plane divides the body into superior and inferior parts?

Transverse/horizontal plane.

Which plane divides the body into superior and inferior portions?

C. Transverse/Horizontal.

The transverse plane

Divides the body into superior and inferior portions.

Umbilical

Navel / belly button.

Inguinal

Groin; where the trunk and leg meet.

What does axial mean?

On the head, neck, or trunk of the body.

What does appendicular mean?

Limbs and where they attach to the trunk or axis.

Cephalic

Head.

Frontal

Forehead.

Orbital

Bony eye socket / eye area.

Nasal

Nose.

Buccal

Cheek.

Which body region is the cheek?

Buccal.

Oral

Mouth.

Mental

Chin.

Otic

Ear.

Which body region is the back of the head?

Occipital.

Occipital

Back of the head or base of the skull.

Cervical

Neck.

Thoracic

Chest.

Sternal

Region of the sternum or breastbone.

Axillary

Armpit.

Mammary

Breast.

Dorsum

Back.

Scapular

Area of the scapula or shoulder blade.

Vertebral

Area of the spinal column.

Lumbar

Loin; area between the ribs and hips.

Sacral

Region of the sacral bone; area between the hips.

Gluteal

Buttocks.

Perineal

Region between the genitals and anus.

Which body region is the front of the elbow?

Antecubital.

Olecranal

Posterior elbow joint.

Which body region is posterior?

Olecranal (popliteal is also posterior but = back of knee).

Antecubital

Anterior elbow joint.

Which body region is the elbow?

Cubital.

Acromial

Point of the shoulder.

Brachial

Arm / upper arm.

Antebrachial

Forearm.

Which body region is the wrist?

Carpal.

Carpal

Wrist.

Pollex

Thumb.