The particle model of matter

what are the properties of a soil particle arrangement?

• packed together in a regular structure

• strong forces between particles

• vibrate in fixed positions

• difficult to change shape

what are the properties of a liquid particle arrangement?

• close together

• weak forces between particles

• particles pass each other

• can change shape

what are the properties of a gas particle arrangement?

• further apart

• weak forces between particles

• particles randomly move

• can be compressed and fill a container

sublimation

the process of a solid turning into a gas

internal energy

the total of kinetic and potential energy in the particles of a system

why are there straight lines on a heating graph?

energy is stored inside the substance as potential energy in particles (state change)

why are there vertical lines on a heating graph?

energy is stored inside the substance as kinetic energy in particles (increases temperature)

specific heat capacity

how much energy is needed to raise 1kg of a substance by 1 Celsius

specific latent capacity

how much energy is needed to change the state of 1kg of a subtance

temperature is the measure of __________ __________ ________ of a subtance

average kinetic energy

describe how the motion of gas molecules relates to increasing temperature and pressure

• as temperature increases, particles gain more kinetic energy, so they move faster

• more frequent collisions with more energy

• the collisions create pressure

describe the relationship between temperature and pressure at a constant volume

• as temperature increases, particles gain more kinetic energy so they move faster

• particles hit walls more often with a stronger force

• the increase in energy increases pressure and can burst/ expand a container