physio chapter 6 flash cards

What is the main function of primary endocrine organs?

main function hormone production and secretion

What is the main function of secondary endocrine organs?

Hormone production and secretion is a secondary function

Where is the hypothalamus located?

In the CNS

The hypothalamus contains the?

pituitary gland

Another name for the anterior lobe of the pituitary is?

adenohypophysis

Another name for the posterior lobe of the pituitary is?

neurohypophysis

The connection between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland is called the?

Infundibulum

What two hormones does the hypothalamus produce?

ADH( antiduretic) and oxytocin

What does (antidiuretic ADH )do?

Balances water and osmolarity

Where is ADH produced?

paraventricular nuclei of hypothalamus

What does oxytocin do?

Contraction in labor, milk letdown and ejection

Where is oxytocin produced?

Supraoptic nucleus of hypothalamus

What does a portal system do?

links two capillary beds

What is the activating hormone in the hypothalamus?

Hypothalamic tropic hormones

What is the activating hormone in the anterior pituitary gland?

Anterior pituitary tropic hormones

Prolactin releasing hormone, releases?

Prolactin

What is prolactin inhibiting hormone?

dopamine

Thyroid releasing hormone (TRH) facilitates?

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) facilitates?

Thyroid hormone (TH)

Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) facilitates?

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) facilitates?

Glucorticoids and Cortisol

Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) Facilitates?

Growth Hormone (GH)

Growth Hormone (GH) facilitates?

Insulin-like growth hormone

Somatostatin inhibits?

growth hormone (GH)

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) facilitates?

Luteinizing hormone (LH) and Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Luteinizing hormone (LH) and Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) facilitates?

Sex hormones

What are male sex hormones?

androgens

What are female sex hormones?

estrogen and progesterone

Neural input receives?

sensory information

pain/stress

Hormonal input receives?

negative feedback

Circadian rhythm is the?

internal clock aka the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus

suprachiasmatic is the?

body internal clock

Negative feedback loops and be both ___ and ___

long, short

The pineal gland is ___ tissue in the brain

glandular

The pineal gland is influenced by the _____ nucleus of the hypothalamus

suprachiasmatic

The pineal gland secretes?

melatonin

The pineal gland also enhances ______ function

immune

The thyroid gland has __ hormones

three

The other name for thyroxin is?

tetraiodothyronine (T4)

What is (t3)?

triiodothyronine

The thyroid gland regulates ______?

metabolism

The thyroid gland is necessary for _____?

growth

The thyroid gland is also necessary for nervous system _____?

development

Creatinism =

Low Thyroid hormone (TH)

What does calcitonin do?

regulates calcium levels in the blood

Calcitonin prevents?

high calcium levels

The parathyroid prevents low _____ levels

calcium

Parathyroid hormone prevents?

Hypocalcemia (low calcium)

Parathyroid _______ calcium

increases

Calcitonin _____ calcium

decreases

The thymus secretes?

thymosin

Thymosin regulates ________ function

T-Lymphocyte

the Adrenal gland consists of the _____ and the _____

Medulla, Cortex

The medulla is the ____ layer

inner

The cortex is the ___ layer

Outer

Hormones oof the adrenal gland are also known as?

mineralocrticoids /Adrenocorticoids

Aldosterone is also known as?

mineralocorticoids

Mineralocorticoids are secreted from?

zona glomerulosa

What does aldosterone do? (mineralocorticoids)

regulates sodium and potassium levels

What is within the cortex?

capsule, zone glomerulosa, zona fascicular, zona reticularis

What is within the medulla?

Adrenal medulla

What does aldosterone do?

reabsorb and takes in sodium and removes potassium in return

What is Glucocorticoids (cortisol) secreted from in the adrenal cortex?

zona fasciculata and zona reticularis

What is Glucocorticoids (cortisol) function?

regulates body response to stress, and the metabolism

sex hormones are also known as?

androgens

sex hormones (androgens) are secreted from what in the adrenal cortex?

zona fasciculata and zona reticularis

What is the function of sex hormones (androgens)?

regulate reproductive function

when does sex hormones (androgens) take over the body?

after puberty

What 3 hormones does the adrenal medulla produce?

epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine

The adrenal medullas hormone release depends on the _____?

enzyme

The pancreas has both a ______ and _____ function?

endocrine and exocrine

The exocrine pancreas is the ______ and _____ cells?

Acinar and ducts cells

Acinar and duct cells secrete _____ and ______?

fluid and enzymes

secretion via the acinar and duct cells enter the _______ via the ______ duct?

digestive tract, pancreatic

The endocrine pancreas are the?

Islet of Langerhans

Alpha cells are?

glucose

Beta cells are?

insulin

Delta cells are?

somatostatin

F cells are?

pancreatic polypeptides

The hearts secondary endocrine hormone is?

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

The kidneys secondary endocrine hormone is?

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Cytokine

The GI tract secondary hormones release?

Cholecystokinin

Secretin

Gastrin

The secondary hormones of the liver are?

Insulin-like growth factors (IGF's)

The secondary hormones of fat are?

Leptin

Regulation is both ____ and ____ ?

neural, humeral

Neural regulation happens by ____ nerve signals?

direct

Humeral regulation is changes in _____ _____?

blood chemistry

Order of direct neural control of hormones?

1) Hypothalamus

2) posterior pituitary

3) adrenal medulla

Humeral signals cause ______ regulation of an endocrine gland

bloodborne

Ions of humeral signals

Na+, K+, Ca+

Glut 1 always allows _____ in

glucose

Hydrophilic/Lipophobic hormones

peptides, catecholamines

Hydrophilic/Lipophobic hormones are dissolved in?

plasma

Hydrophilic/Lipophobic hormones have a _____ Half-life?

short half-life

Hydrophobic/Lipophilic hormones

Steroids, Thyroid hormones

Hydrophobic/Lipophilic hormones band to _____ _____?

carrier proteins

Hydrophobic/Lipophilic hormones have a ____ Half-life?

longer Half-life

The sites of hormone metabolism are

target cells and blood

______ may be present in the blood

metabolites

In the Liver metabolites may be ______ by the _____?

excreted, kidneys