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Ambystoma bishopi- Reticulated flatwoods salamander
aka fancy BISHOP
mole salamander
3.5-5.2
1 of most endangered salamanders
slender body, dark brown/black, silvery net like (reticulated) pattern on back
native to Fl panhandle and SW georgia
Ambystoma cingulatum- Flatwoods salamander.
mole salamander
unlike bishopi he is not fancy just cingulatum? idk
5-5.5 in
very similar to A, bishopi
endangered to to habitat loss
Ambystoma opacum- Marbled salamander.
opacum like opal, which is marbled gemstone
mole salamander
3.5-4.5 in
stocky, black and bold w silver across back
native to eastern and central US
Ambystoma talpoideum- Mole salamander.
MOLE stands at talPOIDEUM
3-4 in
stocky, broad headed, dark gray or brown w indistinct lighter spots
some exhibit neoteny, adults retain larval characteristics and stay aquatic
critically endangered
Ambystoma tigrinum- Tiger salamander.
mole salamander
one of largest salamanders in NA
6-13 in
some never lose gills, stay aquatic
large stocky body w yellow blotches or stripes on dark/brown
Amphiuma means- Two-toed amphiuma.
AMPHIUMA MEANS BECAUSE TWO-TOED AMPHIUMA MEANS BUSINESS
congo eels
14-16 in
1 of largest salamanders in NA
eel like body, 2 small vestigial limbs, dark gray to black
fully aquatic but has lungs
Amphiuma pholeter- One-toed amphiuma.
1 TOE=1 PHOLECLE
8-14 in, smallest amphiuma
1 toe per limb, usually brown or gray
rarest amphiuma
threatened due to habitat loss
Desmognathus apalachicolae- Apalachicola dusky salamander.
round, skinny tail, laterally compresses towards tail tip, more than ½ total body length
imperiled status in fl due to pollution, vulnerable in rest of range
Desmognathus auriculatus- Southern dusky salamander.
in the SOUTH ppl have accents and must AURICULATUS their words
stout, knife edged tail suited for swimming and burrowing in muck
flecks of white on belly, underside of head, sides and between limbs and tail
historically covered campus now found in ~1%, decline began in 1960’s, unknown cause
Desmognathus cf. conanti- Spotted dusky salamander.
6-8 pairs golden reddish dorsal spots
molted light underside
compressed! and knife edged above tail
Desmognathus monticola- Seal salamander.
seals are found in santa MONICA, CA
dark rough toe tips
stout w prominent dark spots
compressed tail, knife edged above
has been found in elevations up to 5101 ft
Eurycea cirrigera- Southern two-lined salamander.
ppl smoke CIGARRETES in the south and cigarettes have TWO colors
light broad middorsal stripe boarded by 2 dark lines
males have very pronounced cirri when reaching sexual maturity
Eurycea guttolineata- Three-lined salamander.
he is GLUTTONOUS and wants THREE lines
long tail (2/3 of body length)
small dark middorsal stripe from vent to mid eye region
4-6 month larval stage
Eurycea quadridigitata- Dwarf salamander.
he has QUADRA DIGITAS on each limb
2 dark dorsolateral stripes from eyes to tail tip
2-3 in long, smaller than 2-3 lined sal
found on campus
Eurycea sphagnicola- Bog dwarf salamander.
SPHAGNUM moss in bogs
concern in FL, impacted by feral hogs
Eurycea wallacei- Georgia Blind salamander.
little old man WALLACEI from GEORGIA is BLIND
Hemidactylium scutatum- Four-toed salamander.
grey/white sides
4 toes front and back
premaxillary tooth visible when mouth closed in adult males
males rub noses against females and circle her to deposit spermatophores that she picks up
Plethodon grobmani- Slimy salamander.
u can’t GROB MANI things when your hands are SLIMY
bellies usually solid black/dark blue
4-7 in
nasolabial groove
16 coastal grooves
Pseudotriton montanus- Mud salamander.
in the MOUNTAINS there is MUD
thicker and larger than ruber
tucks head in, has mild toxins as defense
Pseudotriton ruber- Red salamander.
when threatened curl head up and wave tail
16-17 coastal grooves
red/orange eyes w line
Stereochilus marginatus- Many-lined salamander.
there are MANY LINES on a paper with MARGINS
black line through eye to flat tail
4-5 in
18 coastal grooves
yellow bellies
Necturus cf. beyeri- Gulf Coast waterdog.
Notophthalmus perstriatus- Striped newt.
PEDESTRIANS cross on crosswalks that have STRIPES
2-4 in
unlikely to find on campus
red stripes down back and red spots lacking dark outline
eft: terrestrial juvenile, also have paedomorphic form where they retain external gills and mature aquatically
Notophthalmus viridescens- Eastern newt.
bright red spotting w dark outlines, red eft stage
up to 5 in
critical to controlling insect populations
possible to find on campus
Pseudobranchus striatus- Northern dwarf siren.
DWARFS and SIRENS are PSEUDO BRANCHUS of literature
lacks hind limbs (like a siren/mermaid)
4-10 in, smallest of known sirens
distinct striping on sides and 3 toes on each frontal limb
unlikely to be found on campus
Siren intermedia- Eastern Lesser siren.
2 frontal limbs w 4 toes each
31-35 coastal grooves
7-27 inches
neotenic
may be darker grays, blues, olive green, or black w possible spotting
Siren lacertina complex- Greater siren.
nocturnal and paedomorphic
36-20 coastal grooves
7-38 in, largest of sirens
lacks hindlimbs and eyelids, only frontal limbs w 4 toes
can be found throughout UCF arboretum
Anaxyrus fowleri- Fowler's toad.
2-3.25 in
grey to green w green to yellow striations on back
parotoid glands touch postorbital ridges
many not enlarged warts in largest dorsal spots
located in FL panhandle
Anaxyrus quercicus- Oak toad.
1.3 in
black/brown w red spots and line down middle
parotoid glands present
only in SE america
endangered
does not ribbit or hop
call: bird chirping
Anaxyrus terrestris- Southern toad.
the SOUTH has many TERRESTRIal TOADS
1.75-4.25 in
tan/reddish brown w black spots
parotoid glands present
many enlarged warts in largest dorsal spots
coastal plain or SE US from virginia to FL
call: long scream
Rhinella marina- Cane toad [NON-NATIVE].
4-6 in
brown dorsal w brown spots
parotoid glands present
called one of worst invasive species worldwide
Eleutherodactylus planirostris- Greenhouse frog [NON-NATIVE].
PLANts are in a GREENHOUSE
does not go from egg to tadpole to frog, it developes into froglet in egg and emerges a fully formed frog
0.6-1.25 in
native to cuba
found on UCF
found in any terrestrial habitat
plump body
reddish brown, back is marked w splotches or stripes
long thin toes are tipped w tiny toepads and lack webbing
Acris gryllus- Southern cricket frog.
SOUTHERN GRYLL frogs
virginia through FL, some keys, west to mississippi
single thigh stripe on each leg and anal papillae (diff from fl cricket frog)
deep brown to tan and russet to green
Y shape on head
long legs
call: marbles clicking
Hyla chrysoscelis- Cope's gray treefrog.
most abundant in SE as far N as Manitoba. located in 1/3 of FL peninsula
prefers wet woodland habitats, more of habitat generalist
freeze tolerant due to glycerol
heavy bodied
can undergo chameleon like changes from green to shades of gray to charcoal
orange-yellow patterned with black reticulations
Hyla cinerea- Green treefrog.
maryland to SE FL as far W as texas and as far N as deleware, open areas
olive-brown to dark olive-green dorsal coloration
may be brighter awake than asleep
distended subgular vocal sac lighter than throat
sides green and venter white w white lateral stripe from tip of snout to groin
call: honking
Hyla femoralis- Pine woods treefrog.
your FEMOR is a thick bone like PINE WOODS
extends from virginia to louisiana and S through peninsular FL to naples and ft laud
mostly pinewoods and cypress
often reddish but also grays and greens
dark lateral line beginning at nostril, passing through eye and curving downward posterior to tympanum continuing to groin
light irregularly shaped oval spots on dark concealed surface of thigh!
call: chitter chattering crickety
Hyla gratiosa- Barking treefrog.
i am GRATIOSA of BARKING TREEFROGS
from deleware to S FL and E louisiana, usually in coastal areas
yellowish-green, green, tan, or brown
granular pattern can be prominent or faded
upper lip white and irregular white lateral line may be present
large and round subgular vocal sac in males
call: deep barking
Hyla squirella- Squirrel treefrog.
found in SE US from Virginia to E Texas to FL keys
all manner of habitats
small and slender, adults may be less than an inch
change color rapidly
light upper lip and may have vaguely defined light or dark lateral line
interorbital blotch, spot, or triangle may be present
darker orbital stripes and dorsal lateral blotches may be present
males have rounded subgular vocal sac
LACKS well defined lateral strip, which most green treefrogs have, orange of yellow in groin, oval markings on thighs (pine woods have)
HAVE well developed toepads (lacking in cricket frogs and small in chorus frogs)
call: high pitched repetitive honking
Osteopilus septentrionalis- Cuban treefrog [NON-NATIVE].
native in cuba, bahamas, caymans
length 1-4 in, females larger
largest treefrog in US
large toepads near size of tympanum
dorsal skin fused to skull, blue colored bones
carnivorous
secrete chemical that can cause burning in eyes and nose
more saltwater tolerant than natives
breeding ssn most of year in FL, mate in warm/humid/rainy conditions, large clutch (4000-5000 eggs) in warm shallow water
call: very whiny
Pseudacris crucifer- Spring peeper. (refers to high pitches cheep heard by water in spring)
They have a X, like a cross, like a CRUCIFER on their back
ab 1 in long fully grown (male smaller)
dark V shape line connecting eyes
no webbing between toes
dark X on back
generalist insectivore
range E US and SE canada
breed 2+ months, females initiate, 2-30 eggs, open wetlands and marshy edges
Pseudacris feriarum- Upland chorus frog.
23-33 mm (0.91-1.3 in), females slightly larger'
brown, tan, or gray dorsal; light tan to white ventral
may have triangular dark blotch between eyes
defining character: 3 stripes run down dorsum, may be broken or spotty
range N america, primarily SE US, N tip of FL
insectivore
reproduction polygynandrous, female choice, require warm temp, fems have multiiple mates over life, males can mate w multiple fems in 1 ssn (DEC to APR)
Pseudacris nigrita- Southern chorus frog.
SOUTHERN CHORUS sing at NIGHT
19-32 mm, narrow head and body, pointed snout
tan and black, ventral surface pale yellow
often have 3 dark horizontal stripes or rows of dots, many have mid stripe extending to snout
limbs spotted or striped, dark bars along tibia
ventral surface may be speckled w dark spots
insectivore
pine savanna or pine flatwoods
breed in small bodies of water in S FL JAN to SEP, peak in JUNE-JULY ~15 eggs deposited on plant matter in shallow water
call: comb bristles
Pseudacris ocularis- Little grass frog.
need to use OCULARS to see them since they are so LITTLE
smallest frog in N America, 11-19 mm (0.4-0.75 in)
gray to brown to reddish, ventral white or yellow
defining character: dark stripe extends from nostril through eyes onto sides
coastal plain of SE US, includes most of FL
breed JAN-SEP or all year in FL, ~100 eggs on pond bottom or submerged vegetation
call: high pitched, faint, insect like trilling
Pseudacris ornata- Ornate chorus frog.
small and stout (1-1.5 in)
green-gray to reddish-brown, white ventral
usually have solid/broken dark line from nose to sides
often have faded triangle mark on head
sometimes dark spots/stripes on lower back
insectivore
coastal plains of SE US (most of FL)
breed NOV-MAR, 10-100 eggs on vegetation in shallow water
Gastrophryne carolinensis- Eastern narrowmouth toad.
0.9-1.4 in
grey to brown w sligh variations said to change w mood
parotoid glands not present
conservation found statewide
look similar to xenopus tropicalis but eyes are on side
call: goat like
Rana capito- Gopher frog.
2.3-3.5 in
dwell in small mammal or tortoise burrows
prefer dryer habitats
breed in fish free wetllands
species of special concern
unlikely to be found on UCF
heavy body w short thick limbs
PROMINENT dorsolateral ridges/folds
skin is warty or even wrinkled looking
call: very frog croaky
Rana catesbeiana- Bullfrog.
3-8 in
largest frog in US
found on UCF
found in nearly any aquatic habitat, able to compete in ponds w more fish than other frogs
greenish w whitish belly, back and belly marked w dark, net like pattern
stippling of light spots on inner thigh
no dorsolateral ridges/folds, wrap around ear
webbed on back foot aside from fourth toe, longest toe on hindfeet extend past webbing
no webbing on forelimbs
call: bull like lol
Rana clamitans- Green frog, Bronze frog.
2 recognized subspecies, bronze frog (L. clamitans clamitans) and green frog (L. clamitans melanota)
bronze found on campus
2-3 in
found near shoreline, stay close to water and only have 1 acre range
males have yellowish chin
have dorsolateral ridge/fold that extends 2/3 their torso
belly is mottled (worm like) white
also known as banjo frog
Rana grylio- Pig frog.
southern coastline, found on UCF
3-5in
highly aquatic
2nd most abundant species in FL
extensive webbing between toes reaching ends of toes
no dorsolateral ridges/folds, wrapped around ear
grayish green or brown with black mottling
narrower head than bullfrog, which is more round
call: oinky
Rana heckscheri- River frog.
he’s french and say HECK in the RIVER
large, 3-5 in
ventral sides characterized by short wavy lines or light spots
no dorsolateral ridges
skin is rough and wrinkled
tadpoles large reaching up to 4 in before metamorphosis
often confused w bullfrogs and pig frogs, distinguished by light spots of lips of lower jaw
commonly found in SE US
will play and smell dead instead of running away
diet of insects and small invertebrates
Rana sphenocephala- Southern leopard frog.
light spots on eardrums
pointed snout
dorsolateral ridges unbroken
brown to grey to even green
dark marks w light fields
light spot on tympanum
2-3.5 in
often confused w plains leopard frog and kauffeld’s leopard frog
found in SE NY all the way through FL reaching to E texas
found in almost any body of freshwater and even slightly brackish marshes, more terrestrial than other frogs
active both day and night
eats insects and small invertebrates
call: like rubbing hands on balloon
Rana virgatipes
Carpenter frog.
brown, red, olive light lips, scattered spots between stripes, 4 light stripes dorsolateral less pronounced than lateral
no dorsolateral ridge, curves around tympanum
4th toe extends beyond webbing
nocturnal
coastal plains from S NJ to N FL in bogs, swamps, edges of lakes and ponds
Scaphiopus holbrookii- Eastern spadefoot toad.
BROO digging with his SPADEFOOT
1.7-2.2 in
tan/yellowish to dark brown
parotoid glands present
least concern species in SE US
rarely comes from underground spends most its life in hibernation
call: sad whoopie cushion
Xenopus tropicalis- Western Clawed Frog.
4-6 cm
mostly aquatic
flat streamlined body
eyes on top of head
webbed feet w claws on 1st 3 toes
sexually dimorphic (adults fems grow larger)
tadpoles transition from sucking air bubbles to breathing air by breaking surface tension of water within a few days of hatching
mostly located in W africa and only recently in US
nocturnal
diet of primarily invertebrates, cannibalism has been observed
tadpoles are filter feeders