HIST1302 - InQuizitive - Ch 18: The New South and the New West, 1865-1900

TRUE OR FALSE - The new generation of African Americans born after the Civil War were much more submissive than their parents, fearful that any transgression would spurt the resurgence of slave labor.

FALSE

What change did the national census of 1890 indicate that had not previously occurred in U.S. History?

It was the first census to indicate that Americans had populated the country from coast to coast.

The 1851 Fort Laramie Treaty ensured that Plains Indians maintained some of their ancestral homeland. What contributed to the provisions of the treaty?

Chiefs from numerous Plains Indian tribes agreed to accept defined territorial borders for the Native Americans of the Plains and mountainous West, but had to allow white settlers' wagon caravans to pass through their territory on their way West.

In a devastated South, many white southerners began to romanticize the Old South and embrace the idea of the "Lost Cause."

How did this nostalgia effect the creation of a so-called New South?

The "Lost Cause" was a view of southerners during the Civil War as righteous defenders of their homeland and culture against northern aggression.

Identify the experiences for women in the American West that were unique from those of women in the rest of the country.

TRUE - In many mining towns, the ratio of men to women was 9 to 1.

TRUE - Because of the constant fight for survival, married women in the West became more equal partners with their husbands than those women in th East.

FALSE - Women in the West had more freedom to serve on juries and manage their property without their husband's consent.

How did an economic system of sharecroppers and tenants fail to uphold Henry Grady's vision of the New South?

TRUE - Land became extremely difficult to acquire, and a majority of southern farmers were landless and barely surviving.

TRUE - The agricultural landscape of the South was far less diverse than Grady envisioned.

TRUE - The South was much less industrial than Grady envisioned.

FALSE - The South urbanized far too quickly, differing from Grady's vision of a predominately rural South.

Identify the various strategies of voter suppression carried out through the Mississippi Plan.

TRUE - Requiring voters to reside in the state for two years, with one-year residency in the election district

TRUE - Requiring voters to have paid all taxes, including a specific tax for voting called a poll tax.

TRUE - Prohibiting voters convicted of certain crimes from casting a ballot

FALSE - prohibiting African Americans who passed literacy tests from voting

TRUE OR FALSE - Frederick Jackson Turner theorized that the West would maintain all of the characteristics that arose as a result of the frontier era.

FALSE

Match the following western settlers with their destinations.

MINERS - lured by the most recent strike, traveled east from California into Utah and Nevada

FARMERS - moved their families west into the Great Plains

COWBOYS - originated in Texas and traveled northward, with many ending up in Great Basin of Utah and Nevada.

Complete the passage below describing the historic Supreme Court decision that shaped southern race relations in late nineteenth-century America.

The Supreme Court case of PLESSY V. FERGUSON was pivotal in its establishment of the practice of separate facilities for black and white southerners. The case began with Homer Plessy, a man of one-eighth African descent, who chose to remain in an exclusively white rail car and was found in violation of the law. This historic ruling legally sanctioned the practice of SEGREGATION in public spaces and inspired a new wave of regulations known as the JIM CROW LAWS that shaped almost every aspect of southern life.

Contrary to romanticized depictions of life in the West, miners, farmers, ranchers, women, railroad workers, and others often faced harship as they sought to carve out a life for themselves in the region.

Which of the following statements accurately describe some of the challenges experienced by migrants in the West?

TRUE - The rise of commercial agriculture meant that many small farmers were unable to keep up.

TRUE - The adoption of barbed-wire fencing caused many smaller-scale cattle rancherfs to go out of business.

TRUE - The push for quick profits contributed to a boom-and-bust economic cycle in the region.

FALSE - More often than not, migrants saw their lands retaken by Native Americans who used increasingly effective measures such as barbed-wire fencing to keep out settlers.

Which of the following are examples of the emergence of a New South after Reconstruction?

TRUE - A dramatic expansion o the textile industry, which produced cotton-based goods.

TRUE - The emergence of a new class of southern leaders known as "redeemers," who were conservative, white, pro-business politicians

TRUE - A greater focus on modernization and vocational training to increase the efficiency of farming in the South.

FALSE - The overwhelming rejection of white supremacy due to the belief that it would harm industrial growth.

FALSE - The grown of a booming factory-based industrial economy that rivaled most northern centers of production.

In the midst of the Jim Crow system of the late nineteenth century, which of the following are examples of African American resistance?

TRUE - In response to being excluded from white schools and churches, African Americans establied their own institutions, which became hubs for the development of black community life.

TRUE - Booker T. Washington founded the Tuskegee Institute for vocational training and urged Black Americans to work hard to achieve economic self-sufficiency.

TRUE - Ida B. Wells used journalism to attack injustice and advocate for the protection of African American voting rights.

FALSE - Most African Americans in th South responded to attacks on their civil rights by fleeing in a mass exodus to places like California, Kansas, and Mexico.

Which of the following statements does the video support in regard to the crop-lien system and its effects on the South as a region?

TRUE - Under the crop-lein system, a landless farmer woul negotiate with a farm owner to work part of that owner's land in exchange for a portion of the resulting crop.

TRUE - The crop-lien system was created to offer a solution to the devestated and cash-strapped South in the wake of the Civil War.

FALSE - The crop-lien system effectively solved the issue of landless farmers and allowed them to gain self-sufficiency through land tenancy or sharecropping.

FALSE - The crop-lien system was a response to the overabundance of unclained land in he wake of the Civil War and focused on dividing it fairly among southern citizens.

The Inian wars were bloody conflicts between U.S. soldiers and Native Americans that raged in the West from the early 1860s to the late 1870s.

Match the following events that took place during the Indian wars to the correct descriptions.

"REPORT ON THE CONDITION OF THE INDIAN TRIBES" - Congress decided to ask Native Americans to give up their ancestral lands and move to faraway reservations in return for peace.

SAND CREEK MASSACRE - Promised protection by the territorial governor of Colorado, 165 Native Americans were massacred by a federal militia.

BATTLE OF LITTLE BIGHORN - During this conflict, federal troops suffered a resounding defeat to Sioux forces, but eventually prevailed in the Great Sioux War.

RED RIVER WAR - This conflict between federal troops and southern Plains Indians resulted in the latter's defeat.

In 1862, Congress passed the Homestead Act, which offered 160-acre homesteads to individual settlers willing to farm western lands. A Montanan homesteader said, "I was raised in Chicago without so much as a back yard to play in, and I worked 48 hours a week for $1.25. When I heard you [a married couple] could get 320 acres just by living on it, I felt that I had been offered a kingdom."

What does this quotation suggest about the social or economic forces that may have driven homesteaders to seek new opportunities in the West?

TRUE - To some, the image of farm life and the autonomy it provided was an attractive alternative to urbanized labor.

TRUE - Limited land and space in urbanized areas pushed some to consider acceping the possible challenges of life in the West.

FALSE - Most of the individuals who traveled westward were fleeing racial violence in northern cities.

FALSE - The Homestead Act offered the ability to gain immense wealth working in mines or on railroads.

Which of the following statements accurately describes the experiences of the Exodusters?

TRUE - African Americans who migrated to Kansas from southern states exprienced the hardships of frontier life.

TRUE - The xperiences of blacks in the South were far worse than their current circumstances in the West.

FALSE - The difficult choice that African Americans made when they left the cities of Kansas to live on farms.

FALSE - Despite the conditions that were far worse than what the slaves had endured in the South, they migrated to the West because of the promise of freedom.

Between 1865 and 1900, both the West and South changed considerably. Which of the follwing statements correctly reflect this transformation?

TRUE - The introduction of commercial farming in the West meant that many homesteaders had become wage laborers who migrated from state to state depending on the growing season.

TRUE - The discontent of western and southern farmers and farmworkers connected the two groups and gave rise to the Populist movement.

TRUE - Americans had spread across the entire continent from one ocean to another, marking an end to the frontier era.

FALSE - The South had evolved from a plantation-based economy that depnded on slave labor to an industrial economy that depended primarily on wage laborers.

Complete the passage below describing Mississippi policies concerning African American community.

Mississippi was the leading state in VOTER SUPPRESSION for both blacks and poor whites. In 1890, the state adopted the MISSISSIPPI PLAN, which consisted of various constitutional amendments that initiated a wave of similar legislation that would spread to NINE additional states.

During the late nineteenth century, what were the social and economic circumstances that advocates for a New South faved in the postwar South compared to those in the North?

TRUE - The South was far less industrial than the North and depended on the region for goods that southern states were incapable of manufacturing themselves.

TRUE - The South was far less successful than the North, both in education and income.

FALSE - The South saw a much larger percentage of blacks migratin to citires and away from the countryside, often at a higher rate than African Americans moved in the North.

FALSE - Though far less productive, the South was much wealthier than the North due to the large multigenerational plantations that continued to profit even after the war.