Neurotransmitters and Ion Channels

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6 Terms

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Neurotransmitters

Endogenous chemicals produced and released by neurons in response to stimulation

Core criteria

  1. Released from a neuron upon stimulation

  2. Affects activity of the post synaptic neuron

  3. Is removed or inactivated after release

  4. When directly applied to the postsynaptic membrane, produces same effect as when released by the presynaptic neuron

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Excitatory Neurotransmitters

Increase the likelihood that the postsynaptic neuron will fire

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Inhibitory Neurotransmitters

Prevent the postsynaptic neuron from firing

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Neuronal Signal Flow

  1. Electrical signal travels within the neuron

  2. Converted to chemical signal at the synapse (neurotransmitter release)

  3. Turns back into electrical signal at the postsynaptic neuron

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Ions

Mediated by an electric current

Negatively and positively charged

Main involved:

  • Potassium (K+)

  • Sodium (Na+)

  • Calcium (Ca2+)

  • Chloride (Cl-)

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Ion Channels

Generally selective for one particular ion

They can open or close

Control electrical charge of neuron segment

Purpose:

  1. Maintain resting membrane potential (specific baseline state)

  2. Cause temporary electrical changes to alter the membrane potential to allow signal transmission