Chapter 19 Circulation

Flashcards for Chapter 19 Circulation Lecture

Circulatory System

A closed system consisting of the Heart, Arteries, Veins, Capillaries, Blood & the Lymphatic system.

Plasma

The yellowish fluid of the blood that carries all of the cells and materials which actually make up the substance we call 'blood'; 91% water. Contains Albumins (transport hormones & fatty acids), Globulins (transport vitamins & help fight viral infections), and Fibrinogens (cause blood to clot).

Red Blood Cells (RBC)

Nonnucleated cells that contain hemoglobin, the iron-containing molecule that carries oxygen to the cells of the body.

White Blood Cells (WBC)

Several cell types that have nuclei and are involved in the immune system.

Platelets

RBC cell fragments involved in blood clotting; also involved in clotting are long strands of protein called fibrin.

Arteries

Carry blood AWAY from the heart; branch into smaller vessels called arterioles; thick-walled vessel w/ layer of connective tissue and smooth muscle; elastic and able to flex with each beat of the heart.

Veins

Vessels that carry blood back toward the heart; thin-walled with less connective and muscle tissue surrounding them; Not very flexible; Have one-way valves to help prevent blood from pooling in the extremities.

Capillaries

Microscopic vessels that connect arterioles and venules. Vessel walls not perfect seal and leak plasma into intercellular spaces (lymph). Point where gas exchange (O2 and CO2), nutrients and wastes are exchanged

SA Node

Pacemaker of the heart; causes atria to contract and sends impulse to AV Node.

AV Node

Causes the Ventricles to contract.

Right Pump

Collects low O2 blood from body and pumps to lungs.

Left Pump

Collects high O2 blood from lungs and pumps to body.

Atria

AKA Auricles; Thin-walled collectors of the incoming blood; simply pump to ventricles.

Ventricles

The main power pumps of the heart; Thick walled; separated by the Septum.

Tricuspid Valve

Need-to-know valve that keeps blood from falling backward and allows only one way movement.

Bicuspid (Mitral) Valve

Need-to-know valve that keeps blood from falling backward and allows only one way movement.

Semi Lunar Valves

Need-to-know valve that keeps blood from falling backward and allows only one way movement.

Chordae tendineae

String-like structures inside the heart that attach the valves & allow to open & close properly.

Pulmonary Circulation

Takes blood to & from the Lungs.

Systemic Circulation

Takes blood to & from the rest of the body.

Lymphatic Circulation

Collects plasma (lymph) leaked from the capillaries, filters it & returns it to the blood.

Coronary Circulation

Blood supplied to the heart itself. Coronary veins dump blood directly into the right atrium.

Cerebral Circulation

Blood flow to the brain. Relies on the Circle of Willis to assure even blood flow.

Hepatic Portal System

Carries the blood from the GI tract and spleen to the liver before it enters the inferior vena cava and the general circulation. The liver is in charge of processing & filtering these substances.

Renal Circulation

Circulation to and through the kidneys. Kidneys require blood under high pressure, therefore receives blood from Aorta.

Lymphatic Circulation

Carries plasma back and dumps it into the veins. Moves by muscle contractions and indirect squeezing so there is no pump that moves the lymph.

Lymph Nodes

Collecting points usually found in the armpit, groin, throat and Chest regions that are filled w/ lymphocytes and are used to filter out, trap and then destroy bacteria and microorganisms that were collected.

Bone Marrow

The sponge-like tissue found in the center of certain bones; contains stem cells that are the precursors of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets.

Spleen

Helps cleanse the blood by destroying & removing damaged RBC fragments and platelets.