Mammo test

AIDET

acknowledge, introduce, duration, explanation, thank you

age to have BRCA risk assessment

25

____ and ____ develop cancers prior to age 40 or 50

black and ashkenazi jew

pt dose received for mammo study is ____ for 2 images per breast

0.4 mSv

DBT

digital breast tomosynthesis - 3D - low dose xrays that create “slices” and reconstructs images to create 3D image

must receive results within __ days

30

must reach out within _ calendar days if suspicious or suggestive of malignancy

7

ABCD birads

A: fatty, B: scattered areas of fibroglandular density, C: heterogeneously dense, D: extremely dense

stage 0

carcinoma in situ

stage 1

less than or equal to 2 cm

stage 2

greater than or equal to 2 cm but less than 5 cm w/ axillary metastases

stage 3

any size w/ axillary metastases (lymph nodes matted into a mass)

stage 4

any size with axillary metases

prophylactic mastectomy can decrease risk by __%

95% (BRCA 1 or BRCA2 gene)

90% (strong family history)

radiation therapy reduce recurrence by

70%

tamoxifen and raloxifene

cancer prefers these over estrogen/progesterone; it binds with the receptors, leaving no openings for ER+/PR+; tumor starves

aromatase inhibitors (AI)

cause body to produce less ER+/PR+; tumor “goes on a diet”

Anti-HER2/neu therapy

HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2); block HER2 receptors from receiving growth signals, then slow or stop growth of HER2+ and HER2- low BRCA

portion of breast that is excluded on CC view

posterior and superior tissue

portiono f the breast that is excluded during MLO

medial

coopers ligaments

fibrous membranes that incompletely sheathe but support the lobes of the breast

ductal flow follows a

radial pattern

Breast cancer arises predominantly in the

epithelial cell layer

ductal carcinoma arises in the

extralobular area

genetic BRCA is responsible for ___ of all cases

5%-10%

sporadic BRCA is responsible for ____% of all cases

90-95

3 phases for breast cancer development

intitation, promotion, progression

initiation

mutation occurs

promotion

process where mutant damaged cells can be further weakened by a number of agents

progression

cells lose all normal functions except for the ability to grow more abnormal cells to matastasize

causes of gynecomastia

medication, marijuana, aging, obesity, liver disease, hyperthyroidism, androgen deficiency states (age, chronic renal failure)

lactiferous sinus

dilated, accordian pleated portion of the duct, located close to the nipple, stores milk

conditions affect the inward or outward appearance of breast

weight gain/loss; pregnancy; HRT; lactation; monopause; atrophy w/ age

CC view

medial tissue

FB view

opposite to CC; great for kyphosis or male breast

MLO view

great for lateral and posteior tissue

SIO

opposite to MLO; incapsulated implants, pectus excavatum; UIQ & LOQ

LMO

125 degree angle, true reverse MLO, LOQ & UIQ

tangential view

directions beam tangential to area of interest

pectoral muscle is seen on __ %of CC images

30-40

CC PNL needs to be within _ cm of MLo PNL

1 cm

fixed breast margins

superior and medial

mobile breast margins

lateral and inferior

cleaning monitor

daily - weekly

cleaning

weekly

phantom IQ

weekly

CNR/SNR

weekly

artifact

weekly

MTF

weekly

AWS

weekly

printer

weekly

viewing condition

weekly

conpression thickness

monthly

visual checklist

monthly

compression force

semi-annually

repeat/reject

quarterly

facility review

quarterly

molybdenum target tube

24-35 kv

rhodium and tungsten target tube

28-45 kvp

indirect conversion

xrays - light - light image - detected by light sensitive system - cesium iodide detectors

direct conversion

xrays produce the image - amorphous selenium detectors

why is ultrasound not used as breast screening

it cannot image fine calcs that accompany 35-45 % of breast cancers

another term for ductogram

galactogram

prior to beginning wire loc, an important modification

deactivate the automatic compression release function

for any biopsy/procedure, the needle/biopsy device should always be inserted with:

shortest skin to lesion distance

a pneumocystogram is in conjunction to

cyst aspiration

ductography is necessary when

patient has bloody or clear discharge

the most common cause of nipple discharge

pappilloma

the force of compression used during diagnostics is

less than normal mammogram

many diagnostic procedure can be done “online” meaning

procedure is done as a continuation of diagnostic mammoa

a lesion visible only can still be localized

true

breast cancer incidence

30%

the ARRT rules of ethics are

mandatory

the SIO can be used to image

IMF

mammo was found in ___ on ___

1924 on CXR

pectoralis major seen on ___ of CC

30-40%

CC demonstrates

anterior, central, medial, posteromedial

approximately __% of breast augmentations are cosmetic

80

what is meant by standardized protocol

as a group, radiologist declare what images & modalities will be done for diagnostic exams

the false negative rate of __ reflects cancers taht are not evident on mammograms

5-25%

__ will eliminate need for extra mammo view

ultrasound

characteristics of reduction include all except

skin dimpling

what is necessary to prove a mass is fluid filled

ultrasound

__ will keep its shape and not flatten under spot

cancer

which is not expected to see on post surgical mammo

cyst

which two solutions would help with a frozen shoulder

LMO instead of MLO

complementary LM

possiblity of missing tissue is likely when imaging patients with all of the following except

small breasts

all o the following apply to imaging in a patient who has undergone BCT (lumpectomy) except

imaging of the unaffected breast only

when a pt is unsteady on their feet, the tech may choose to perform the exam

seated, steeper c arm angle on mlo, with compression on auto release deactivate

imaging pt with implanted medical devices alternative

FB and LMO

for large breasted patients, it is advantageous to

use tilt contact compression device

c-arm can be angled up to __ to image posterior/lat tissue on MLO on small breasted pt

70

2 example of chest wall deformities

pectus excavatum, pectus carinatum

a ½ paddle compression device would be useful imaging patients with

small breasts

to include more tissue on pt with kyphosis, have pt

sit

why is taking HRT an important history note

HRT increase glandular tissue

which projection may replace MLO in pt with pacemaker

LMO

visualized UOQ and posterior

MLO

best instruction for pt in regard to respiration

stop breathing

correct IRSD height for CC

height of elevated IMF