Agriculture and Fishery Arts Review

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering agriculture branches, plant anatomy, seed science, farm tools, irrigation, poultry management, and fishery arts based on the lecture notes.

Agriculture

The art and science of systematic production of useful plants and animals for human consumption.

Horticulture

The science and art of growing and using fruits, vegetables, flowers, ornamental plants, and grasses to enhance the living environment.

Olericulture

The science of vegetable growing, dealing with the culture of non-woody (herbaceous) plants for food.

Pomology

A branch of botany that studies and cultivates fruit.

Floriculture

A discipline of horticulture concerned with the cultivation of flowering and ornamental plants for gardens and floristry.

Agricultural Economics

An applied field of economics concerned with the application of economic theory in optimizing the production and distribution of food.

Roots

The underground part of the plants.

Stem

The part that allows the plant to grow upright and acts as a transport system for water and minerals from the ground.

Pistil

Also called a carpel, it is the female part of the flower consisting of the stigma, style, and ovary.

Stamen

The male part of the flower consisting of the anther and filament.

Complete Flower

A flower that contains all four basic parts: sepals, petals, at least one stamen, and at least one pistil.

Aggregate Fruit

A fruit that develops from a single flower with many ovaries.

Multiple Fruit

Also called collective fruits, these are fruiting bodies formed from a cluster of fruiting flowers (inflorescence).

Testa

The seed coat or tough, hard outer covering that protects the seed from fungi, bacteria, and insects.

Micropyle

A tiny pore in the testa that admits water to the embryo before active germination.

Viability

The ability of seeds to germinate and produce strong, healthy plants.

Percentage Germination Formula

$$\frac{\text{number of seeds germinated}}{\text{number of seeds sown}} \times 100$$

Bolo

A hand tool used for cutting tall grasses and weeds and chopping branches of trees.

Pick-mattock

A tool used for digging canals, breaking hard topsoil, and digging up stone and tree stumps.

Rotavator

An implement mounted to a tractor used for tilling and pulverizing the soil.

Drip Irrigation

Also called trickle irrigation, it involves dripping water onto the soil at very low rates ($2-20\,\text{liters/hour}$) from small diameter plastic pipes.

Organic Fertilizer

Natural fertilizers derived from plant or animal materials, such as animal manure, green manure, or compost.

Sandy Soil

Soil containing $85\%$ sand.

Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

A combined method of using various control methods to manage pests.

Damping off

A fungal disease that causes young plants and seedlings to rot off at the soil level.

Poultry

Domesticated birds raised to satisfy human needs, mainly for eggs and meat, such as chickens, ducks, quails, and pigeons.

Capon

Male chickens that have been castrated and harvested at $4-8$ months old.

Culling

The process of removing undesirable chickens, such as those that are sick, injured, or unable to lay eggs, from the flock.

Bovine

A term relating to cattle.

Ovine

A term relating to sheep.

Fisheries

All activities relating to the act or business of fishing, culturing, preserving, processing, marketing, developing, and managing aquatic resources.

Lateral line

A primary sense organ in fish that detects underwater vibration and determines the direction of their source.

Swim bladder

A hollow, gas-filled balance organ that allows a fish to maintain neutral buoyancy.

Rigor mortis

The stiffness of the fish body occurring a few hours after death due to the formation of lactic acid.

Autolysis

Self-digestion in the fish muscle tissue by enzymes after death, leading to tissue softening.

Fusiform

The common fish body form with an elongated and slender body tapering towards the head and tail.

Anguilliform

A snakelike, elongated body form of fish, such as a swamp eel.

Nursery pond (NP)

A pond unit used for the rearing of fish fry to fingerlings size.

Rearing pond (RP)

The largest compartment in a pond system, used for raising fingerlings up to marketable size.

Average Body Weight (ABW)

$$\frac{\text{total weight at a particular time (g)}}{\text{total number of fish samples}}$$

Lime quantity (QL) Formula

$$QL = \frac{DpH - ApH}{0.1 \times NVL} \times 0.5\,\text{tons/ha} \times \text{area}$$

Fish Canning

A processing method that retains original flavor, improves nutritive value, and lengthens shelf-life while facilitating transport.